The term
intergroup relationship describes the relations, or interactions, between two or more groups of
people. In sociology, the focus is often on the intergroup relations between two different
racial groups, ethnic groups, or social groups. Some relationships could be described as
tolerant, while others are clear examples of intolerance.
The types of
intergroup relationships in sociology include:
- Assimilation
- Pluralism
- Amalgamation
- Segregation
- Expulsion
- Genocide
Assimilation occurs when one group discards its
identity and adopts the values, beliefs, language, or culture of another group as a way to fit
in. In many cases, it is a minority group that assimilates to the majority group, but
assimilation can be a two-way process.
Pluralism
occurs when each group retains its identity while peacefully and respectfully existing with the
other group. For pluralism to exist, the minority or subordinate group must be accepted by the
majority or dominant group and fully participate in the majority or dominant society.
Amalgamation occurs when two different groups combine to
form a single group with shared values, beliefs, cultures, languages, and so on. This is
sometimes, but not always, achieved through marriage or breeding between people from two
different groups.
Segregation occurs when one
group, typically the dominant group, creates a physical separation between themselves and
another group. This may involve designated areas or behaviors for each particular group, to
ensure that there is limited or no intermingling.
Expulsion occurs when one group, typically the dominant
group, forces another group to leave a community, region, or country.
Genocide occurs when one group, typically the dominant
group, tries to deliberately destroy another group. It is undoubtedly the most toxic, intolerant
intergroup relationship.
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