How is Joe McCarthy related to the play The Crucible?

When we
read its important to know about Senator Joseph McCarthy. Even though he
is not a character in the play, his role in history is important to Millers story. McCarthy was
an American Senator from 1947 to 1957, during the Cold War and subsequent Red Scare. His work
stirring up fear of communism in America eventually became known as McCarthyism.

He worked to protect America from communism by identifying possible communists and
sympathizers; however, he often relied on dubious methods of identification. His work with the
House Committee on Un-American Activities targeted anyone who was deemed different than societys
normal expectations. Once called to testify in front of the committee, defendants could often
escape harsher punishments by turning over names of people who they knew to be communist.
Allegations and finger-pointing quickly turned into a modern-day witch-hunt as friends,
neighbors, and families turned on one another to escape punishment.

These
actions parallel the witch-hunt in The Crucible. We see accused witches
brought to court; if the confess to witchcraft, they are given a lighter sentence and then set
free. Once they confess, they are encouraged to name other guilty people. In act 2, Mary Warren
explains to the Proctors that Goody Osburn will hang because she refuses to confess, but that
Sarah Goode, who has confessed, will live. He sentenced her. He must. But not Sarah Good. For
Sarah Good confessed, ysee.

At the end of act 1, it is not enough that Tituba
confesses to witchcraft; she must also name other guilty people. Of course, since Tituba isnt a
witch, neither are the other women she names. In fact, it is not until Reverends Hale and Parris
continue to push her and suggest possible names that she finally agrees that she saw Sarah Goode
and Goody Osburn with the devil.

John Proctor is also charged with
witchcraft after he goes to court to tell the truth. He knows that the town isnt really being
afflicted by witches. Abigail, his former servant, tells him in act 1 that the girls were
playing in the forest and got scared. These two have a troubling past as we learn that they had
an affair before the start of the play. John is hanged for witchcraft at the end of the play
when he rips up his false confession and chooses to protect the honor of his name by not
lying.

What do you prefer and why, home study or sending kids to school? home study vs. sending to school

I
teach at a hybrid school: independent study Monday, Wednesday, Thursday; classroom activity
Tuesday, Friday. It is a nice compromise between private and home education. My own children,
however, attend a public school because the district we live in has some exceptional academic
and music programs that a small school (or home school) just couldn't match.

Home schooling requires tremendous discipline for both student and parent. I remind my
students that their parents ARE teachers. I also encourage both parents and students to set a
schedule for the independent study days. Traditional classroom students know where they will be
at any given time of the school day. It's too easy to think "I have all day" when at
home--which ultimately leads to cramming two days work into 2 hours. However, if a student can
master time management at 14,15, or 16, their prospects for success in the long term are
good.

If both parent and student are committed to getting the best out of
independent studies by working diligently, then the education can be superb. Home school,
however, is not for every family. There is certainly room in our education system for all
educational strategies.

In The Stranger, when Meursault 'laid himself open for the first time to the benign indifference of the world,' what exactly is the 'indifference of...

One of the key
elements of this novel is the absurdist philosophy that Meursault embraces. He finds
increasingly that life has no sense of meaning or purpose and that the world is profoundly
indifferent to human beings that do their best to live their lives and try and persuade
themselves that there is some kind of order or benevolent god-like figure who takes care of them
and protects them. The quote...

What is line uniformity and line works?

Poetic lines
that are uniform would be the
same in key ways. The most important way for them to be uniform is

rhythm/structure. For example, all lines in a sonnet will be iambic
pentameter
(five...

href="http://www.readwritethink.org/classroom-resources/lesson-plans/what-makes-poetry-exploring-88.html">http://www.readwritethink.org/classroom-resources/lesson-...

What effect does a stakeholder orientation have on business ethics and social responsibility?

In general,
any firm that truly pursues a stakeholder orientation will be much more likely to act ethically
and it will be more likely to act in ways consistent with the idea of corporate social
responsibility. 

A stakeholder orientation exists in a firm when the firm
cares about all of its stakeholders.  It does not just care about its owners and stockholders. 
Instead, it cares about everyone from its customers to its employees to its suppliers.  It even
cares about the community in which it operates.

Such a firm will be much more
likely to act ethically and responsibly.  For example, let us imagine that a firm could increase
profits by cutting benefits to its employees.  This would not be consistent with corporate
social responsibility.  If a firm truly practices a stakeholder orientation, it will be less
likely to take this step.  Instead, it will treat its employees as if they are important.  It
will balance their needs against the need of ownership to make a higher profit.  The needs of
the workers will be just as important rather than being something that is considered to be a
mere afterthought.

Thus, a stakeholder orientation is more likely to lead to
ethical behavior and to a concern for corporate social responsibility.

Why is Winston's betrayal of Julia such a key point in 1984?

Whenis caught by the
government, he is told that there are three stages to his "reintegration": learning,
understanding, and acceptance.  Winston doesn't betrayuntil the last stage and when he yells for
the torturers to, "Do it to Julia! Not me!", he has capitulated and accepted Big
Brother.  The acceptance of Big Brother is essential to the government because it means that
Winston no longer has free will; he is nothing more than a pawn of the government.  Winston had
thought he was strong and that he loved Julia.  The government does not want any of the people
to love anyone more than they love Big Brother and the government because that means that the
individual might favor the one loved over the government. By betraying Julia, Winston shows that
he loves the government, and Big Brother, more than anyone else.

How does Mr. Underwood react to Tom Robinson's death?

In
,mentions that the death of Tom Robinson was
relatively insignificant throughout the town of
Maycomb. Many of the white
citizens felt that it was "typical" of Tom Robinson to try
to escape without
a plan. However, Mr. Underwood was bitter about the entire ordeal. As was

mentioned in the previous post, Mr. Underwood voiced his opinion in the editorial
section of his
paper The Maycomb Tribune. He felt that
it was simply a sin to kill
cripples, and likened Tom's death to the
senseless slaughter of songbirds. Mr. Underwood
understood that Tom was an
innocent man who was wrongly convicted and was disgusted by the fact
that Tom
was gunned down by prison guards. His comparison to the "senseless slaughter
of
songbirds" is significant because throughout the novel mockingbirds
represent innocent
individuals like Tom Robinson. This quote also alludes to
's rule that it is a sin to kill a
mockingbird, which essentially means it is
wrong to hurt innocent beings. 

What are some examples of direct and indirect characterizations of George and Lennie in Of Mice and Men? John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men

Most authors
use indirect
which includes

• physical
  descriptions

"The first man was
smalland quick, dark of face, with restless eyes and
sharp, strong features. 
Every part of him was defined:  small, strong hands, slender arms, a
thin and
bony nose.  Behind him walked his opposite, a huge man, shapeless of face, with
large,
pale eyes, with wide, sloping shoulders; and he walked heavily,
dragging his feet a little, the
way a bear drags his paws.  His arms did not
swing at his sides, but hung
loosely."

• characters'
  
  actions

His huge companion dropped his
blankets
and flung himself down and drank from the surface of the green pool;
drank with long gulps,
snorting into the water like a horse.  The small man
stepped nervously beside him.

• characters' thoughts, feelings, and
  
  speeches

"'Guys like us, that work
on
ranches, are the loneliest guys n the world.  They got no family.  They
don't belong no
place....With us, it ain't like that. We got a future."
[]

"For the
first timebecame conscious of the outside. He
crounched down in the hay and listened.  'I done a
real bad thing,' he said.
'I shouldn't had did that.  George'll be mad. An'...he said...an'hide
in the
brush till he come....'"

• the
  comments
  and reactions of other characters

"Crooks
interrupted brutally. 'You guys is just kiddin'
yourself.  You'll talk about it a hell of a lot,
but you son't get no land. 
You'll be a swamper here till they take you out in a box.  Hell, I
seen too
many guys.  Lennie here'll quit an' be on the road in two, three, weeks.  Seems
like
ever' guy got land in his head.'"

• occurs with statements by the author,
  giving
  his/her opinion of the character(s). [e.g. Steinbeck writes that Slim
  has "God-like
  eyes."]

Steinbeck writes that
Lennie drags his feet the way
"a bear drags his
paws."

What is the name of Oedipus's foster father in Oedipus Rex?

In
episode 3 of 's , an oldarrives from Corinth to tellthat King Polybus is
dead, and that Oedipus is called back to Corinth to be King.

Oedipus is both
happy and grieved to learn that Polybus is dead. He's grieved because he believes that Polybus
is his father, and he mourns his father's death.

Oedipus is also happy and
relieved to learn that Polybus died of natural causes because Oedipus has escaped the fate that
the Oracle had prophesied for him: that he would kill his own father.

However, Oedipus is still anxious about returning to Corinth. His mother, Merope, the
wife of Polybus, is still alive, and the Oracle also prophesied that Oedipus would marry his
mother.

Hoping to allay Oedipus's fears, the Messenger reveals to Oedipus
that he is not the son of Polybus and Merope, but that he himself gave Oedipus to Polybus and
Merope as a baby.

The Messenger tells Oedipus that long ago he was a shepherd
tending his flock in the mountains when another shepherd who worked for Laius, the former King
of Thebes, gave Oedipus to him to care for him.

Oedipus's wife, , advises
Oedipus to leave the matter alone and not inquire further about it, but Oedipus sends for the
other shepherd to hear his story.

In episode 4, the oldis brought to Oedipus,
and he reluctantly tells the story of how he was commanded by King Laius's wife to take Oedipus
into the mountains to let him die there in order to avoid the Oracle's prophesy.

But the Herdsman took pity on Oedipus, and instead of leaving him in the mountains to
die, he gave Oedipus to another shepherd (now the messenger) to raise.

The
messenger took the baby back to Corinth, where he was adopted and raised by Polybus, his foster
father, and Merope, his foster mother.

What role did the issue of slavery play in the Constitutional Convention? (America - Past and Present Vol. 1: To 1877)

The
Constitutional Convention of 1787 was a pivotal time period in the history of the newly evolving
United States of America. Slaves and slavery were an important consideration, especially in
considering the population of any particular state. href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-Fifths_Compromise">The Three Fifths
Compromise became the accepted way of allocating seats in the House of
Representatives, whereby the number of free persons was added to three fifths of the total of
slaves within a district in determining allocation. This gave people in these areas more power
because slaves could not vote and yet seats had been allocated to cover their numbers. The three
Fifths Compromise allowed for an unbalanced participation from the slave states and influenced
the build up to the Civil War although this contentious issue and its effects have been argued
through the course of history. Akhil Reed Amar, in his book America's Constitution: A
Biography states that "the Constitution did more to feed the serpent than to
crush it.

The issue of slavery was not adequately resolved during the
convention and it was to be voted on twenty years hence. It seemed that, at the time, unity and
economic stability were more important. This effectively perpetuated slavery and even included a
clause demanding the return of escaped slaves in the southern states. The slavery issue in the
Constitutional Convention thus maintained a precarious balance of power but at great
cost. 

What is Perry Smith's sister's name?

In a letter that Perry
Smith's father writes to get him released from the Kansas State Penitentiary, he describes
Perry's only remaining relative (besides himself) as a sister called Bobo, who lives with her
husband. "Bobo" is a nickname for Barbara, also known as Mrs. Frederic Johnson. Perry
also finds a letter that she wrote to him in which she tells him about her children and then
writes that Perry's wrongdoings are not their dad's fault. She says, "What you have done,
whether right or wrong, is your own doing." She believes that Perry is intelligent but that
he must accept responsibility for his life and not blame their father for what has happened to
him. Perry tells Dick that he "loathes" his sister and even wishes that she had been
in the Clutter house so that he might have killed her. Perry Smith has lost contact with her
sister at the time of the Clutter murders. She lives in a middle-class home in San Francisco,
and she tells the detective not to tell Perry where she lives, as she's afraid of him. Perry and
Dick told the police that they were with Perry's sister in Fort Scott on the night of the
murders as an alibi, but Perry's sister does not live in Fort Scott.  

Why is Augustus Caesar considered the greatest of the Roman emperors?

Augustus
Caesar is often considered to be the greatest of the Roman emperors because he improved the
circumstances of the empire to such a great degree.  When Augustus took power, the Roman
Republic was falling apart.  There had been a great deal of strife for quite some time. 
Augustus then proceeded to quell the strife and to create the Pax Romana. 

One of Augustuss major accomplishments was to end the strife that had torn Rome apart.  There
had been civil wars rather frequently in the time leading up to Augustuss rise to power.  Among
these was the war that...

What happens in Canto XI of Dante's Inferno?

XI

Dante and Virgil have traveled past the burning tombs of Frederick II and
the Ghibelline Cardinal. The stench emanating from the forever flaming bodies is horrendous.
Dante and Virgil duck under the cover of one of the stones, trying to take cleaner breaths.
Dante sees that the inscription on the tomb reads:

Pope
Anastasius I hold,

Whom out of the right way Photinus drew."

These two men are, in Dantes estimation, the worst of the
arch-Heretics. Phonitus was a Deacon in the Church of Constantinople (the Greek Orthodox
Church).Phonitus believed, and led Pope Anastasius to believe, that Christs birth was not
miraculous at all; rather, he argued,Jesus was the product of natural human sexual relations.
Additionally, Phonitus tricked the pope into giving him communion, an act strictly forbidden for
those outside the Roman Catholic faith.

Virgil tarries, and Dante urges his
guide to move on; but Virgil wants to prepare his charge for the horrors that are to come. The
next circle will house the Violent. Inside the large seventh circle are three sub-circles. The
largest outer ring is reserved for conducted violence against people or property. These
murderers and bandits are submerged in a river of blood:

A
death by violence, and painful wounds,

Are to our neighbour given; and in his
substance

Ruin, and arson, and injurious levies;

Whence
homicides, and he who smites unjustly,

Marauders, and freebooters, the first
round

Tormenteth all in companies diverse."

The next inner circle imprisons those who have committed violence
against themselves: the suicides and the squanderers:

"Man may lay violent hands upon himself

And his own goods; and
therefore in the second

Round must perforce without avail repent

Whoever of your world deprives himself,

Who games, and dissipates
his property,

And weepeth there, where he should jocund be."

The final circle is exclusively for the tormenting of those who had
committed crimes against God or nature. These sinners were, in life, the blasphemers, the
sodomites, and the usurers. These shades exist on a plain of sand, which eternally erupts
underneath them in excruciating flames:

"Violence can
be done the Deity,

In heart denying and blaspheming Him,

And by disdaining Nature and her bounty.

And for this reason doth
the smallest round

Seal with its signet Sodom and Cahors,

And who, disdaining God, speaks from the heart.

Fraud, wherewithal
is every conscience stung,

A man may practise upon him who trusts,

And him who doth no confidence imburse.

This latter mode, it would
appear, dissevers

Only the bond of love which Nature makes;

Wherefore within the second circle nestle

Hypocrisy, flattery, and
who deals in magic,

Falsification, theft, and simony,

Panders, and barrators, and the like filth.

By the other mode,
forgotten is that love

Which Nature makes, and what is after added,

From which there is a special faith engendered.

Hence in the
smallest circle, where the point is

Of the Universe, upon which Dis is
seated,

Whoe'er betrays for ever is consumed."

In these verses, Dante is alluding to the biblical story of Sodom
and Gomorrah, a city so morally evil that it was destroyed by God (Genesis 19:24-5). Cahors was
a city in France, infamous for its usury. Usury is the charging of interest on money lent. It is
a sin because Adams punishment was to live by the sweat of his brow (Genesis 3:19). Since
there is no labor involved in collecting interest, medieval Catholics consider the practice
sinful.

Virgil then tells Dante that when they get to the Eighth Circle, he
will see those who are guilty of fraud, a sin almost every human commits. These sinners include
those who had been practicers of

Hypocrisy, flattery,
and who deals in magic,

Falsification, theft, and simony,

Panders, and barrators, and the like filth.

By the other mode,
forgotten is that love

Which Nature makes, and what is after added,

From which there is a special faith engendered.

Hence in the
smallest circle, where the point is

Of the Universe, upon which Dis is
seated,

Whoe'er betrays for ever is consumed."

(Note: Simony is the practice of selling spiritual
items.Barrators are those who continually file frivolous lawsuits.)

Dante
understand the crimes of the condemned, but he asks Virgil why these souls are punished so much
more harshly than those of the upper Hell. The elder poet reminds Dante of Aristotle work,
Ethics and how sin is divided:"incontinence, malice, and insane bestiality.(Note:
incontinence means a lack of self control, particularly sexual, but also gluttony, wrath, and
sullenness; malice means the fraud previously described; insane beastiality refers to all
the acts of violence also discussed previously.)

Of these three, incontinence
is the least serious although, of course, it still merits punishment. All of these sinners pay
their eternal debt in upper hell.The remainder, the most serious, offenses, are housed
below.

Dante understands everything except for the harsh judgment against
usury. Virgil explains that the man who thwarts honest work not only cheats his customer, but
shows his disdain in real work:

the usurer takes another
way,

Nature herself and in her follower

Disdains he, for
elsewhere he puts his hope.

Time is passing. Virgil
notices the changing constellations and tells Dante they must leave the tortured souls of Circle
Six behind them.