What do we mean by the Resurrection (in context of Theology-Christianity-Jesus)?

This is a
good question in view of the Easter season that just passed. Christians believe that Christ rose
from the dead. They believe that the death and resurrection of Christ was predicted in the Old
Testament and carried out and fulfilled in the New Testament. 

More
specifically, Christians believe that the resurrection was literal. Jesus really died and rose
again. This begs the question: Why did Jesus need to die? Christians point to a theology of sin.
They posit that Jesus was a sacrifice for sin. After this punishment, Jesus rose from the dead
not only to forgive, but also...