What are some characteristics of Revolutionary poetry?

Oddly enough,
one of the more prominent Revolutionary poets was Phyllis Wheatley(1753-1784), an emancipated
African slave whose owners taught her to read and write. She captured both the spirit of the
Revolution and the sins of America in her poetry that imitates the popular style of poetry of
her time:  She uses a Latinate vocabulary, inversions, and elevated . For instance, in this
stanza from her poem to the earl of Dartmouth, a new appointee as secretary of state in charge
of the American Colonies, Wheatley hopes that Dartmouth will be open to the colonists'
grievances:

Should you, my lord, while you peruse my
song,

Wonder from whence my love of Freedom sprung,

Whence
flow these wishes for the common good,

By feeling hearts alone best
understood,

I, young in life, by seeming cruel fate

Was
snatch'd from Afric's fancy'd happy seat:

...Such, such my case.  And can I
then but pray

Others may never feel tyrannic sway?

Much of the Revolutionary poetry usedto amplify the cause and
spirit of the Revolution.  However, Ralph Waldo Emerson, who did not live during the
Revolutionary period, wrote about the Revolution in a different tone as he sought to define the
intention and significance of the Founding Fathers' actions.  In such poems as "A Nation's
Strength," he asks and answers the question "What  makes a nation's pillars high/And
its foundations strong?"

It is not gold. Its kingdoms
grand
Go down in battle shock;
Its shafts are laid on sinking
sand,
Not on abiding rock.

Not gold but only men can make
A
people great and strong;
Men who for truth and honor's sake
Stand fast and
suffer long.

In his poem "Concord Hymn,"
Emerson extols the bravery of the soldiers of the Revolution,

Spirit, that made those heroes dare

To die, and leave their children
free,

Bid Time and Nature gently spare

The shaft we raise
to them and thee."

Some of the poetry written about
the Revolution created an American mythology.  Critics feel that Walt Whitman did more to
interpret the meaning of the Revolution than any poet as he projected the Revolutionary spirit
into "a vision of citizenship" in his "I Hear America Singing":

Washington spoke; Friends of America look over the

  Altantic sea;
A bended bow is lifted in heaven, & a heavy iron
chain
Descends link by link from Albion's cliffs across the sea to
bind
Brothers & sons of America, till our faces pale and yellow;
Heads
deprest, voices weak, eyes downcast, hands work-bruis'd,
Feet bleeding on the sultry
sands, and the furrows of the whip
Descend to generations that in future times
forget.

why did kurt vonnegut write harrison bergeron?

Both of
the previous answers are excellent, but
I would like to add a bit. Yes, "" is a work
of . Not only is it pointing out
the importance of recognizing the strengths and weaknesses
among individuals,
but it is decrying what Vonnegut perceived as a potential misuse of the

phrase created equal. When I teach this story to my students, I
have them
brainstorm lists of ways our government (or even our school)
intervenes to create equality. We
discuss the meaning of equality. We discuss
what measures are fair and justified and which might
be considered
well-intentioned over-reach.

All of this is not to say
that
Vonnegut believed people are not created equal or shouldn't be treated
with equality, but rather
that an attempt by government to create an
artificial equality based on the lowest common
denominator would have
extremely detrimental effects on our society. He used the ridiculous
example
of Harrison's mother not being able to remember seeing him killed
on...

How is the theme of untamed ambition shown in The Pearl?

Untamed
ambition is one of the main themes in 's , and it destroys the lives of
the main characters. Greed and ambition are evident in almost every character, first seen in the
greedy doctor who refuses to treat Kinos son after he is stung by a scorpion. This theme will
continue...

How does setting in "Araby" affect the story?

In Joyce's
" ," the first setting is described in terms of figurative blindness and paralysis
(the street is a dead end, etc.)  This reflects the young narrator's emotional and mental and
spiritual states.  He is blinded by illusion concerning Mangan's sister, his relationship with
her, and the connection between the religious and the secular.  He sees himself as a religious
hero, the girl as the embodiment of the Virgin Mary, and their relationship as something holy. 
He is...

How does the significance of gold treasure change as the poem Beowulf progresses?

The
Anglo-Saxon poem is not only a great story of valor and honor but a
reflection of the customs and traditions of the day. Of course we know that one of the practices
was the honoring of thanes with gold rings and other gifts of gold given by the king. This
giving was used as a reward but was also a practice in keeping with the idea that these men were
constantly at the ready to give up their lives in feats of valor. 

Because
the Anglo-Saxons believed that their lives were in the hands of Fate
(Wyrd), they were fierce warriors who pledged their loyalties to their
king. In turn, the king wisely inspires his men with gold, an act which both expresses his
gratitude and ensures the continued loyalty of his warrior-friends.

In the
beginning of the story, then, we see a traditional use of gold. It is an item of value which is
used as a reward, as a gift, and as a symbol of honor. In fact, in one of the opening
descriptions in the poem we read about Shield Sheafson, the beloved Danish...

href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beowulf

What special literature, music and entertainment is produced for the proletariat in 1984?

In Chapter
4,discusses the underbelly of the Ministry of Truth, which deals in propaganda and smut for the
working class:

And the Ministry had not only to supply the
multifarious needs of the party, but also to repeat the whole operation at a lower level for the
benefit of the proletariat. There was a whole chain of separate departments
dealing with pro- letarian literature, music, drama, and entertainment generally.
Here were produced rubbishy newspapers containing almost nothing except sport, crime and
astrology, sensational five-cent novelettes, films oozing with sex, and sentimental songs which
were composed entirely by mechanical means on a special kind of kaleidoscope known as a
versificator. There was even a whole sub-sectionPornosec, it was called in
Newspeakengaged in producing the lowest kind of pornography, which was sent out in sealed
packets and which no Party member, other than those who worked on it, was permitted to look at.

has even had some experience in dealing
in this department:

She had even (an infallible mark of
good reputation) been picked out to work in Pornosec, the
sub-section of theDepartment which turned out cheap pornography for distribution among the
proles. It was nicknamed Muck House by the people who worked in it,
she remarked. There she had remained for a year, helping to produce booklets in sealed packets
with titles like Spanking Stories or One Night in a
Girls School, to be bought furtively by proletarian youths who were under the
impression that they were buying something illegal.

How did European Imperialism affect American Politics?

I'd suggest
that European imperialism played a significant role in shaping American politics. Consider the
Monroe Doctrine, as well as the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. One of the
fundamental cornerstones of American foreign policy was shaped as a response to European
influence in the Americas. Of course, it must be recognized that, during the early decades of
the 1800's, the United States lacked the military strength to actually enforce this foreign
policy claim, but the statement remained, by which the United States claimed in the Americas its
own sphere of influence.

In addition, we should consider America's own
imperialist adventures, beginning in the late 1800's. A critical moment in this history was the
Spanish-American War, where the United States acquired overseas possessions from Spain. Consider
also the Open Door Policy, through which the United States attempted to gain access to China
(which was then divided into European zones of influence). Additionally, we can mention numerous
US interventions in Latin America, as well as the construction of the Panama Canal (which was
itself only guaranteed by a US military intervention in Panama's revolution against Colombia).
Be aware that the United States has its own very real history of imperialism to contend
with.

In Hills Like White Elephants, what does Jig mean by her sarcastic comment that "we can have everything"?

When Jig
suggests that "we can have everything"? she is actually implying that, in fact, they
cannot have everything and that the American is ignoring the fact that they must make difficult
decisions. Jig is facing the choice of having a baby or having an abortion. If she has the
illegal and dangerous abortion, she cannot have the baby. If she has the baby, she cannot
continue the free and irresponsible life of travelling around Europe that she is currently
enjoying. Moreover, if €˜everything includes marriage, the American isnt even offering that
option. Thus the comment highlights the difference between everything the American wants and
everything Jig wants.

In the short story, "Charles", please provide three examples of Laurie's behavior at home.

Three
examples of Laurie's behavior at home:

1) On the first day home from
kindergarten, Laurie is rude to his father at lunch, spills his baby sister's milk, and tells
his parents that, according to his teacher, they are not supposed to take the name of the Lord
in vain. He informs his parents that a boy () was spanked on the first day because he was
'fresh' to the teacher. When his father asks him what the boy did, Laurie leaves without
answering.

2) On the second day home from kindergarten, Laurie again talks
about the trouble-prone Charles. This time, Charles was spanked for hitting the teacher. After
telling his parents about Charles' antics, Laurie tells his father to look up, to look down, and
finally, to look at his thumb. When his father does all these things as told, Laurie laughs
uproariously and informs his father that he is dumb.

3) On Monday the
following week, Laurie comes home late. He yells all the way up the hill that Charles was bad
again that day. Accordingly, Charles yelled so loudly at school that he had to stay late. He
tells his mother and father that all the other children stayed late as well to watch what
Charles would do. When his father asks what Charles did, Laurie tells him that Charles just sat
there without doing anything. Laurie then proceeds to greet his father by addressing him as an
'old dust mop.'

What work influenced Orwells philisophy about the poor? What work did he then produce? How did the work demonstrate his feelings about the poor...

was
commissioned to write an account of poverty among the working classes in...

What are some questions asked in the case Marbury v. Madison?

Marbury v. Madison was a
very complex case remembered not so much for the issues at stake as for the precedent
established in the Court's ruling. The case arose when outgoing President John Adams appointed
several Federalist justices of the peace, including William Marbury, in the District of
Columbia. The incoming President Thomas Jefferson was a Republican, and resented Adams' move. He
ordered his Secretary of State, James Madison, to refuse to deliver the appointments as required
by the Judiciary Act. The Act also allowed Marbury to petition the Supreme Court for a legal
instrument known as a writ of mandamus to force Madison to deliver the signed and approved
commission. So the questions were as follows:

• Did Marbury have a
  right to the appointment?
• Could the Supreme Court be required by an act of
  Congress to issue a writ of mandamus in such cases?

The Supreme
Court, headed by Chief Justice John Marshall, ruled that Marbury did indeed have a right to the
appointment, which was made by a President and approved by the Senate per the Constitution. But
he also ruled that the Judiciary Act, which again, allowed Marbury to petition for a writ
directly to the Supreme Court, was unconstitutional. The Supreme Court, Marshall wrote in his
majority decision, did not have original jurisdiction in such cases. (It followed, as a
sidenote, that the Supreme Court could therefore not force Jefferson to give Marbury the
commission.) In short, he ruled a law made by Congress unconstitutional. This was the first time
the Supreme Court had done so, and it set the important precedent of judicial review, though the
Court would not exercise it much over the next century. The enduring importance of
Marbury v. Madison has little to do, then, with the questions of the
case.

href="https://www.oyez.org/cases/1789-1850/5us137">https://www.oyez.org/cases/1789-1850/5us137

In Lyddie, what are the hours and days of the week Lyddie works in Cutler's Tavern?

works almost constantly at
Cutlers Tavern.

After Lyddies mother leaves, she sets Lyddie
up to work at a local tavern to pay off family debts. Lyddie is horrified by this thought. She
is independent and does not like being beholden to anyone. The thought of being indentured is
almost unbearable.

Lyddie is a hard worker nonetheless. She is given no time
off at the tavern, because she is forced to sleep in a tiny windowless alcove and she needs to
be in it and leave it before guests notice. This means starting work early in the morning and
ending late at night. When Lyddie is given the job of tending the fire, she ends up sleeping
next to it for fear that it might go out without her noticing.

Other than the
sleeping conditions, Lyddies long hours are partially her own choosing.

Mistress Cutler watched Lyddie like a barn cat on a sparrow, but
Lyddie was determined not to give her cause for complaint. She had worked hard since she could
remember. But now she worked even harder, for who was there to share a moment's leisure with?
(Ch. 3)

Lyddie gets no vacations. She is never able to
leave the tavern. When Mrs. Cutler leaves, Triphena tells Lyddie that she can go wherever she
wants. Lyddie desperately wants to go home to visit her brother, who is working at a nearby
mill. Yet when she gets back, Mrs. Cutler fires her for being away from her work without
permission.

"So! You've decided to honor us with a
visit!" The mistress's face was red with heat or rage. Behind her, Triphena grimaced an
apology.

She stood in the doorway, trying to frame an excuse or apology, but
as usual the words did not come quickly enough to mind.

"You're
dismissed!" the woman said. (Ch. 6)

Lyddie is
relieved to be fired. She feels like Mrs. Cutler has set her free. Now she can do what she
wants, not what her mother wants. Lyddie immediately heads to the factory, where she can make
more money and will not be constantly under someones control. She will pay back the family debt,
but on her own terms.

In To Kill a Mockingbird, what do Scout and Jem learn from Tom Robinson's trial? How does it benefit them? How does it change them?

andlearn that while there are
a lot of racists in Maycomb, not everyone is racist.  They also learn that people are
complicated but generally have good intentions.

Before the
trial,expressed concern to his brother Jack about how the trial would affect Scout and Jem.  He
knew that they would hear a lot of talk, about him and about the trial.  His children would have
to mature a little early.  A rape trial is a very grown-up thing.

You know whats going to happen as well as I do, Jack, and I hope and pray I can get Jem
and Scout through it without bitterness, and most of all, without catching Maycombs usual
disease. Why reasonable people go stark raving mad when anything involving a Negro comes up, is
something I dont pretend to understand€¦ (Ch. 9) 

When
the Cunningham mob comes to lynch Tom Robinson, both Scout and Jem intervene.  They learn that
the Cunninghams are not bad people, but they just got carried away. Atticus tells them that most
people are well-intentioned.  This later pans out when Atticus tells them that two Cunninghams
would have hung the jury, because they were open-minded and willing to accept that Robinson was
innocent after hearing the evidence.

Scout and Jem do not become racists,
despite Scout using the N-word.  She is just repeating what others said.  Jem certainly is no
racist.  He strongly believes that Tom Robinson will be acquitted.  However, another thing that
Scout and Jem learn is that the world is not always fair.  Even with Atticuss evidence that Tom
Robinson could not have caused Mayellas injuries, he is convicted. 

Scout and
Jem also learn that race relations in Maycomb or more complicated than they thought.  During the
trial, they meet Dolphus Raymond, who pretends to be drunk all of the time because he is living
with a black woman and they have children.  Maycomb tolerates him because he is from a wealthy
family. 

In a reflection that shows her growing understanding of the world,
Scout realizes that Maycomb's reaction to Mayellas relationship with Tom Robinson is different
than Dolphus Raymonds with his wife because Mayella is poor. 

She couldnt live like Mr. Dolphus Raymond, who preferred the company of Negroes,
because she didnt own a riverbank and she wasnt from a fine old family. Nobody said, Thats
just their way, about the Ewells. Maycomb gave them Christmas baskets, welfare money, and the
back of its hand. (Ch. 19) 

Jem determines that there are
four kinds of people in Maycomb.  Normal people like the Finches, the Cunningham types, the
Ewell types, and the Negroes.  This is the understanding of race and class relations he has
developed from the trial.

Are the clones in Never Let Me go genetically unable to seek a better life? Is there a hollowness and inhumanity in these children? Can you give me...

In chapter 12,
the idea of a "possible" is raised and discussed as the normal person that a clone was
cloned from.  Chrissie and Rodney talk about a person they think might be the
"possible" for Ruth.  As Kathy explains:

"Since each of us was
copied at some point from a normal person, theremust be, for each of us, somewhere out there, a
model getting on withhis or her life."

The way that the...

How does the author relate Chillingworth's and Dimmesdale's physical appearances to their mental, emotional, or moral states in The Scarlet Letter?

A good place to start
in answering this question would be Chapter Ten, entitled "The Leech and his Patient."
This gives us a real insight into both of these twoand the way that their appearance is shaped
by what is going on within them.

Note how 's eyes are referred to in a
frightening, almost supernatural way as he engages in his work as a "miner":

Sometimes, a light glimmered out of the physician's eyes, burning
blue and ominous, like the reflection of a furnace, or, let us say, like one of those gleams of
ghastly fire that darted from Bunyan's awful doorway in the...

Differentiate between norm vs criterion as referenced in testing. Give multiple points in your answer.

Both
norm-referenced testing and criterion-referenced testing seek to assess students; however, they
differ in what they are measuring.

Norm-referenced testing seeks to rank
students based on test achievement. Essentially, norm-referenced testing is comparing a
student's score against the scores of the thousands of other students that have taken the test.
If a student scored better than everybody else that took the test, it would be equivalent to an
athlete getting the gold medal in the Olympics. It's important to note that norm-referenced
testing doesn't necessarily accurately show student learning and mastery of skills. It simply
shows how a student stacks up against other students that have taken the test. This is why it is
generally important to have a large sample pool of students taking this kind of test.

Criterion-referenced testing attempts to measure the skills and knowledge that a
student has mastered. Generally, the score is given as a percentage. For example, if a test has
100 questions, and the student gets 99 of them correct, the student scores a 99%. This kind of
test can be given to small groups or large groups because it isn't comparing students to each
other. The test is assessing student learning against predetermined criteria or learning
standards. Generally speaking, tests and quizzes that a classroom teacher gives to classes over
the course of the school year are this kind of test.

What is your favorite color?

Interesting
question.

I usually say that my favorite color is blue, but of course it
really depends on what the color is part of. I like blue shirts but not blue walls. It's weird,
but that's humanity for you.

According to Livescience.com, blue is the most
common favorite color of both men and women. While blue has a big lead over runner-up green
among guys, ladies like purple almost as much as blue. It might be a little surprising to find
out that pink is only the fifth favorite color choice for women.

Some people
particularly like certain combinations of colors. I happen to like the combination of orange and
blue, probably because those are my college colors (University of Florida). I also like red with
a little yellow, like the St. Louis Cardinal baseball team wears on their
jerseys. 

Which character points a sword at the shepherd's forehead?

points a curved sword at Santiago's head on the night they first meet.

The
Alchemist rides in on a large black horse in a cloud of dust. Santiago can't even see him until
the dust clears. He's wearing a turban, his face is mostly covered by a black mask, and he has a
falcon on his shoulder. He draws his sword, points it at Santiago, and then presses the tip of
the blade into his forehead until it draws blood.

He asks...

What is the significance of the title of the story "Araby" by James Joyce?

Its
significance lies in the vision of an exotic world it conjures up for the story's young . This
strange, exciting bazaar is suggestive of the mystical East, a far-off land full of romance and
adventure. As with all of Joyce's stories in , a stark contrast is drawn
between the mundane, deadening state of contemporary Ireland and a more soulful, more intense,
more fully human existence elsewhere.

is an ideal world, as far removed from
the boy's daily life as possible. This land of the imagination is mysterious, untouched,
something infinitely desirable. Yet it remains nothing more than a fantasy. When the boy arrives
at the bazaar only to find that it's closing down he's brought crashing back down to earth. His
boyish infatuation with Mangan's sister is also exposed as an unrealizable fantasy. Araby stands
for everything the boy wants but cannot have. Ideal love is precisely that, and so cannot be
achieved. The boy's incipient romantic feelings are fantastical, far-off and completely out of
reachjust like Araby.

What are at least two ways the movie A Time to Kill shows that some things have changed in the South, especially in terms of race?

In the
movie A Time to Kill, based on 's novel, there are several ways in which
racism has changed in the South, though there is still racial discrimination, and anger and
violence fueled by bigotry. 

Change has come about with the passage of time,
which has been the case since the href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/abolish"
title="abolish">abolitionists in America began to fight for the freedom
of the black race from slavery. Time brought about a strong abolitionist presence that not only
struggled politically for the end to slavery, but also provided help (via the Underground
Railroad) for runaway slaves to find their way out of the South, even as far north as Canada.
The Civil War proclaimed the dedication of both sides to address the question of
slavery. 

If we look at the film To Kill a
Mockingbird, based on Harper Lee's novel, we can measure
more change over time.  It is the story of Atticus
Finch's fight for the rights of Tom Robinson, a free black manstill shackled by the prejudices
strongly rooted in the South, which...

What are two examples of asyndeton?

Asyndeton is when the
writer or speaker omits the conjunctions in a series or list.For example, a normal list might
read: I like red, blue, and yellow.If I wanted
to use asyndeton, I would change this list to read: I like red, blue,
yellow.Typically, this adds emphasis to the items in the series or list, creating a
"snowball" sort of effect where they seem to accumulate power.Edwards employs
asyndeton when he describes those nonbelievers in Christ's mercy:

The wrath of God burns against them, their damnation does not slumber; the pit is
prepared, the fire is made ready, the furnace is now hot, ready to receive them [...].

There is no conjunction, such as and, before
the final item in this series, and so this stands as an example of asyndeton.The following
sentence contains another example:

[...] it is plain and
manifest, that whatever pains a natural man takes in religion, whatever prayers he makes, till
he believes in Christ, God is under no manner of obligation to keep him a moment from eternal
destruction.

Again, there are no conjunctions between
items in this series (which are separated by commas only), and so this is an example of
asyndeton.

Those in favor of widespread proliferation argue that an increase in nuclear weapons will lead to a reduction in conflict because: A. Irrational...

Widespread
nuclear proliferation has been a subject of intense debate, and this question gets to the center
of that argument. The idea of proliferation is encapsulated in the fact that people are more
likely to act in self-preservation than in rational thoughtparticularly when dealing with
dictators and irrational leaders, such as Kim Jong-Un.

Putting weaponry this
advanced into the hands of someone like Kim Jong-Un is dangerous, because no matter how secure
they feel, they will still be willing to attack other nations if they have a desire for that
country's resources, and therefore A is untrue.

While B is likely true, the
brevity of the ensuing wars is hardly a selling point for nuclear weapons, because it simply
means a quick and effective destruction.

Point C also has some plausibility,
but once again, irrational leaders will find ways to continue production and military efforts
regardless of funding.

The true reason behind the idea of mass proliferation
is the idea of a nuclear deterrent. The possibility of mutually assured destruction means that
there is a guarantee that any country that wages war with nuclear weapons will be summarily
destroyed. Therefore, nuclear weapons, by their very nature, deter other nations from using
them. By giving everyone the same power, we reduce the possibility that anyone will use it,
because it will open the door for it to be used swiftly against
themselves.

What are uncommon words in the book The Art of Racing in the Rain by Garth Stein?

An authors
word choice is called .  Authors choose specific words in order to create
meaning, and also to establish the mood or emotion of their work.  You would expect something
interesting from a book narrated by a dog, I suppose!

Consider the word
melodramatic in the beginning of the book.  Enzo is explaining that since he does not have
words, he must speak in gestures.

And while I occasionally
step over the line and into the world of the melodramatic, it is what I must do in order to
communicate clearly and effectively.  (Ch. 1)

This is a
special word because it conveys not just drama, but an over the top type of drama that sometimes
is considered humorous.  This word is used to indicate that we exaggerate emotions.  Its choice
in the very beginning of the book indicates that the author will use words that seem
emotional.

Another good example of the use of an uncommon word is the word
polysyllabic, also found in Chapter 1.  The word is used to explain the difficulties of being
a dog.

€¦ my tongue was designed long and flat and
loose, and therefore, is a horribly ineffective €¦ tool for making clever and complicated
polysyllabic sounds that can be linked together to form sentences. (Ch. 1)

The reader should know that polysyllabic means many syllables. 
Enzo is complaining that since he is a dog, he cant speak like humans can.  His tongue is not
designed for it.  The use of this word here is wonderfully ironic, because one would not expect
a dog to have such a sophisticated vocabulary.   It is also emotional, because it helps the
reader imagine life in Enzos shoes.  This is further enforced when Enzo reveals that he is lying
in a puddle of his own urine.

Words are chosen not only because of their
emotional impact, but how they fit into the sentence.  For example, an author might use a sound
device to bring the point forward.  This is definitely the case with the repetition of
d sounds, known as , used to describe the end of the dogs life in the most
melodramatic way possible.

He would do it out of love, of
course. Im sure he would keep me alive as long as he possibly could, my body
deteriorating, disintegrating around
me, dissolving until theres nothing left €¦ (Ch. 1)

This is not a pretty picture, and the wordswhich all mean
breaking downallow the reader to soak up the drama.  The alliteration contributes to the
emotional meaning and the , making us feel but also laugh.

Theof an old dog
describe the end of his life in sophisticated vocabulary helps establish Enzos character
immediately, and lets the reader know that this is not a typical book.

href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_Racing_in_the_Rain">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Art_of_Racing_in_the_Rain

What is meant by Primary Health Care (PHC), and what are its principles?

Primary
health care has two basic meanings.  The first refers to the initial introduction to the health
care system experienced by an individual or family.  The way insurance policies are written,
before an individual can usually be seen by a specialist, for example, a cardiologist or
orthopedist, he or she must first be seen by a primary care physician, also referred to as the
family doctor, general practitioner, or internist.  The primary care physician assesses the
patients condition by conducting an examination, questioning the patient, and reviewing the
patients medical history.  If the primary care physician believes it is warranted, he or she
will refer the patient to a specialist.

Another meaning for primary health
care involves the provision of medical care for people in remote and generally impoverished
communities.  The United Nations World Health Organization (WHO) lists its principles of primary
health care, which are oriented primarily toward less-developed countries and are divided
according to age, as follows:

Information, education and training: Provide
basic training in age, gender and culturally sensitive practices addressing knowledge, attitudes
and skills for all PHC staff; provide basic training in core competencies of elder care; provide
age, gender and culturally appropriate information on health promotion, disease management, and
medications for older persons; and review regularly the use of all medication and other
therapies, including traditional medicine and practices.

PHC management
systems: Adapt administrative procedures to the special needs of older persons; facilitate
access to services for low-income patients; support a continuum of care across the community
level; support continuity of care through good record-keeping; ensure participation of older
people in decisions on the organization of PHC; and provide age-appropriate information on the
operation of PHC centers.

Physical environment of the PHC center:  Apply
the common principles of Universal Design to the PHC center; make safe and affordable transport
to the PHC center available; post simple and readable signage to facilitate orientation of older
persons; identify key health care staff with name badges; equip PHC centers with good lighting,
non-slip surfaces, stable furniture and clear walkways; and ensure that facilities are clean and
comfortable.

These, then, are the principles of Primaryestablished by the
WHO.  They are intended to ensure adequate medical care for all strata of society, and all age
groups.

href="https://www.who.int/ageing/projects/age_friendly_standards/en/">https://www.who.int/ageing/projects/age_friendly_standard...

Why is the relationship between Julia and Winston in George Orwell's 1984so rebellious to the party? By controlling the relationships, what does the...

The
Party, in 's classic depiction of a futuristic dystopian society, , seeks
absolute control over society. That control extends to the thought processes of each member of
this society, known as Oceana. This is, after all, the story that introduced into the English
language the phrase "Thought Police." Early in the opening chapter of
1984, 's , , describes the oppressive environment in which he, and the rest
of the citizens of Oceana, function. The roving police patrols, he notes, do not bother him that
much; rather, it is the Thought Police that are the constant concern: "Only the Thought
Police mattered." In Orwell's dystopian, totalitarian society, it is not enough to control
people's actions; as important is the ability to control their minds, and this is accomplished
through an ubiquitous system of political indoctrination.

Among the
prohibitions on personal conduct that dictate how the citizens of Oceana live their lives is the
notion of personal relationships not approved by the Party. Sexual relationships, in particular,
are strictly regulated for the purpose of procreation. Hence, the "Junior Anti-Sex
League" sash wrapped around the waist of the "bold-looking girl," the sash
representing, perhaps, the chastity belts of an earlier age. The Party's position on personal
relationships and on the role of sex in Oceana is described in Chapter 6:

The aim of the Party was not merely to
prevent men and women from forming loyalties which it might not be able to control. Its real,
undeclared purpose was to remove all pleasure from the sexual act. Not love so much as eroticism
was the enemy, inside marriage as well as outside it. All marriages between Party members had to
be approved by a committee appointed for the purpose, andthough the principle was never clearly
statedpermission was always refused if the couple concerned gave the impression of being
physically attracted to one another. The only recognized purpose of marriage was to beget
children for the service of the Party. Sexual intercourse was to be looked on as a slightly
disgusting minor operation, like having an enema.

This
lengthy passage from 1984 pretty much sums up the situation. Winston and 's
relationship is a direct challenge to the Party's control. In totalitarian societiesand Orwell
famously modeled his dystopian society after Stalin's Russiaindependent thoughts and actions are
interpreted as hostile acts, punishable by long prison terms accompanied by physical and mental
torture. In fact, the Soviet Union was well-known for punishing dissidents with compulsory
psychiatric treatment. The belief, given the seemingly omnipotent nature of the regime's
security structures, was that one had to literally be insane to oppose the Communist Party.
Orwell simply borrowed from and expanded upon the system that governed the former Soviet Union
for 80 years.

How can fog be used as a symbolic theme in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde?

One
of the most prominent themes inis what critic Irving S. Saposnik calls the "contrasts
between exterior modes and interior realities." The meaning of this is that inner motives,
desires and vicious tendencies are hidden in civilized society behind facades (coverings) of
that which is acceptable and good, like a home, a career, social standing, a marriage,
etc.

In this scenario, fog symbolically represents on a natural level the
thematic element of the facade that covers people's inner wrongs. In a spiritual reading, the
fog becomes the veil that covers false spirituality (sort of like the minister's veil in
Hawthorne's story The Minister's Veil). In a psychological reading, the fog is the conscious
and/or subconscious disguises people employ to cover over their real inner psyches, the
"Hyde," which some suggest Stevenson believes is in--or potentially in--each person.
In other words, the fog literally and symbolically covers realities--a heavy fog can cover
everything beneath it literally and therefore symbolically, which underscores the theme of
exterior modes contrasting with interior realities.

How can interest groups and political parties influence government policy in modern day America?

Interest groups
and political parties form what the important policy theorists Helen M. Ingram and Anne L.
Schneider called, in their influential text Policy Design for Democracy,
"intermediary groups." They aggregate the opinions and sentiments of large groups of
people and then represent those opinions and sentiments to policymakers.

Because these intermediary groups represent more than themselves they are better able
to influence the outcome of public policy. According to Schneider and Ingram, the primary
motivation of politicians is to seek and achieve reelection. Intermediary groups, representing
thousands or millions of voters, can call on their supporters to give or withhold their votes to
specific politicians based on their willingness to adopt policies supported by the groups
themselves. This is the primary method by which interest groups and political parties influence
public policy.

Other methods include cash donations to political campaigns,
and the filing of amicus curiae briefs in court cases.

In Rappaccini's Daughter, once Giovanni discovers that he is also poisonous, he is very hard on Beatrice. What examples within the text indicate that...

Prior to
coming into contact with or seeing
Beatrice, Giovanni is warned by his own sense of danger while
surveying the
garden from his window. He sees Rappaccini taking strenuous precautions while

tending his garden, and senses that a "deadlier malice" is perhaps contained

therein. Later, Giovanni witnesses a lizard die seemingly as a result of coming into
physical
contact with Beatrice's skin, and later sees an insect meet the same
fate. In these instances,
Giovanni feels that his senses are deceiving
him.

The professor warns
Giovanni about Rappaccini early
on, saying "there are certain grave objections to his
professional
character." Some time later, the professor is more specific in his warnings,

saying "I tell thee, my poor Giovanni, that Rappaccini has a scientific interest in
thee.
Thou hast fallen into fearful hands! And the Signora Beatrice? What
part does she act in this
mystery?" This is a specific warning of the dangers
of Rappaccini's scientific
experimentation, and a vaguer warning about
Beatrice as well.

What are some advantages and disadvantages of cultural globalization?

First,
it's important to note that globalization has always been around. Polynesians sailed to the
Americas thousands of years ago. They brought their boa designs to the Americas and brought
chickens and sweet potatoes back to Polynesia. Thousands of years before that, the Inuit sailed
to Europe and brought the harpoon to Europeans. What has changed is mostly the speed and scale
of globalization.

The worst effect of globalization is that it enables the
great increase in power and wealth of corporations and other undemocratic forces. Multinational
companies often gain more power than nations and peoples do, as when Coca Cola tried to seize
the public water of Bolivia or when IT&T worked with the CIA to overthrow the democratic
government of Chile. Often global capitalism brings destructive ideas in the name of profit, as
when anorexia and bulimia become widespread in cultures that before viewed being overweight as a
sign of prosperity rather than unattractive.

But globalization's
speed...

What were some of Bruno's reasons for not liking Lieutenant Kotler?

On page 162-163
Bruno, himself, makes a list of reasons why he doesn't like Lt. Kotler. 

 1.
The lieutenant never smiled.  When Bruno asks him for the tyre to
make a swing, the lieutenant makes a joke about another officer having a "spare
tyre"  Bruno notices 

"...his lips forming into
something that resembled a smile" (pg 73)

He also
says that the lieutenant always,

"....looked as if he
was trying to find somebody to cut out of his will."(pg 162)

The page numbers are for my edition of the book, but you should find them in near
proximity to what I have given you.

2.He always addressed Bruno
as "little man".  Again, when Bruno was looking for the tyre, he
addressed him as little man and ruffled his hair.  That made Bruno so angry that it

"....made Bruno want to push him to the ground and jump up and
down on his head." (pg 72)

3. He was
always in the living room with his mother.  Bruno may have been young but even he
noticed that his mother laughed at the lieutenant's jokes more than she laughed at his father's
jokes.

4. Bruno saw him deal with a barking dog by shooting it.

5. His sister acted funny when Lt. Kotler was
around. She was just becoming a teenager and was flirting a great deal with the
lieutenant.

6. Whenever father was gone, the lieutenant hung
around the house and acted as if he were in charge.  The lieutenant was only 19
years old. 

7. The way Lt. Kotler treated
Pavel.  Bruno sees him mistreat Pavel twice.  Once when he asked for the tyre,
and the second time when they were having dinner and Pavel dropped a wine bottle on Lt. Kotler. 
The author tells us,

"What happened then was both
unexpected and extremely unpleasant.  Lieutenant Kotler grew very angry with Pavel and no one -
not Bruno, not Gretel, not Mother, and not even Father - stepped in to stop him doing what he
did next, even though none of them could watch.  Even though it made Bruno cry and Gretel grow
pale." (pg 148-149)

8. The way the
lieutenant talked to Schmuel and how he made Bruno feel when he was confronted with their
friendship.

".....he wanted to say
the right thing to make things better, but then he realized that he couldn't because he was
feeling just as terrified himself!" (pg 172)

"He had never felt so
ashamed in his life; he had never imagined that he could behave so cruelly.  He wondered how a
boy who thought he was a good person really could act in such a cowardly way towards a
friend." (pg 174)

Bruno was  very relieved when Lt.
Kotler was suddenly transferred. He

"....wasn't
around to make Bruno feel angry and upset all the time" (pg 178)

The page numbers I have given are for my edition of the book, but
you should find the quotes in near proximity to the pages I have given.

solve for x and y: 2x-y = 5 x+y = 3

2x - y = 5
...... (1)

x  + y = 3 ........(2)

We will use the
elimination method:

Add (1) and (2):

==> 3x =
8

==> x= 8/3

Now to
calculate y, we will substitute in (1):

2x -y = 5

==>
y= 2x-5 = 2(8/3) -5 = 16/3 -5 = (16-15)/3 = 1/3

==> y=
1/3

What are some similarities and differences between Magna Carta and the Petition of Right?

Each of
these important documents in English constitutional history had a similar purpose--to assert the
fundamental liberties of English subjects, to protest that the King was violating these
liberties, and to exact a promise from the monarch that he would respect English liberties in
the future. The Petition of Right, issued to Charles I from Parliament in 1628, repeatedly
refers to Magna Carta among other statutes and charters as the source of such liberties as trial
by jury and habeas corpus. Many of the demands in the petition are the same as in Magna Carta,
including parliamentary approval for taxation. One major difference is that by the time the
Petition of Right was issued, Parliament was conceived, in theory at least, as a body that
represented all of the English subjects. It also had become established as a permanent feature
of the English constitution. Parliament, in short, was nonexistent in 1215, when Magna Carta was
promulgated--in fact it was Magna Carta's stipulation that the King could not tax barons without
their consent planted the seeds for what would become Parliament. Magna Carta made no pretense
of being representative of all of the English people, a concept that simply did not exist in the
thirteenth century. What it was, really, was a codification of the feudal relationship between
the King (in 1215, this was John) and his nobles, or barons. Nothing about Magna Carta
guaranteed basic rights to English subjects, though it would serve as the foundation for
documents, such as the Petition of Right itself, that would do exactly
that.

href="https://www.bl.uk/magna-carta/articles/magna-carta-an-introduction">https://www.bl.uk/magna-carta/articles/magna-carta-an-int...

Why was there a resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan during the 1920s in the United States?

The Civil War and
Reconstruction had long-lasting effects.It took awhile to sort everything out.There was also a
burgeoning civil rights movement, and the KKK was attempting to stifle any chance at progress on
the civil rights front.]]>

The narrator asks, Had Goodman Brown fallen asleep in the forest and only dreamed a wild dream of a witch meeting?" What do you think? Why? What...

At the end of the
story, it doesn't really seem to matter whether or not Goodman Brown dreamed the witches'
meeting because he believes it was real, and it changes him for the rest of
his life. When he sees his wife, Faith, again, he "looked sternly and sadly into her face,
and passed on without a greeting." This is very unlike the feelings he had before he saw
her (or dreamed that he saw her) in the woods the night before; then, he loved Faith and felt
somewhat guilty for leaving her alone for the night. For the rest of his life, Brown remained
"A stern, a sad, a darkly meditative, a distrustful, if not a desperate man [...],"
and "his dying hour was gloom."

If it was a dream, it seems to
have begun after Brown left home and sometime after he entered the forest, as his choice to
leave Faith behind is crucial to his character's change. As he walked into the forest, he
thought, "she's a blessed angel on earth; and after this one night, I'll cling to her
skirts and follow her to Heaven." In...

In what ways was the "Pax Romana" similar to the "Age of Pericles"?

There are
three ways in which the age of Pericles and the Pax Romana of Augustus were similar.

1. Both ages experienced a renaissance in literature and arts. On the Greek side,
Pericles and his regime viewed themselves as a school for the other Greek states. And on the
Roman side, the Augustan age produced notable authors such as Vergil and Horace.

2. Both ages were an age of great building. For example Pericles did extensive work on
the Acropolis and Augustus in...

Compare and contrast the origins and ideas of Confucianism, Legalism, and Daoism. How did each relate to supernatural beliefs?

Legalism, Daoism, and Confucianism all come from the same period during the Zhou
Dynasty: the Era of Warring States. Zhou China was feudal and decentralized, with families and
nobles claiming land and offering protection. This fractured state was plagued with war, and in
the general chaos of the time the three philosophies were formed.

Legalism
sought to centralize China by putting in place a system of laws based on punishment and reward.
This was best implemented in the Qin Dynasty by Qin Shi Huangdi.  

Confucianism sought to centralize China by implementing a moral/social system based
in...

What is the mood of "Miss Rosie" by Lucille Clifton?

The mood of
the poem is twofold. First, the mood is quite sad. The speaker describes an older woman
surrounded with the sight and smell of garbage. She is likely to be homeless. The speaker uses
striking descriptions, saying the old woman is "wrapped up like garbage" and that she
is a "wet brown bag of a woman." What makes the sight even more tragic is the degree
of the woman's decline. She used to be the "best looking gal in georgia." So, the
overall tone in these lines is tragic and sad. This is a woman who was once beautiful and in a
much better situation in life. 

The second part of the twofold mood(s) is
hope. Even though this old woman has been destroyed by life, she perseveres. The speaker
embraces this idea of hope at the end of the poem. She repeats the phrase "I stand up"
to emphasize her support for this woman and others like her. The fact that society has cast this
old woman aside makes the speaker want to stand up for her all the more. So, the mood of the
poem begins withand ends with hope. 

We do not know the mood of the subject
of the poem, Miss Rosie herself. Given the descriptions of her as an old, homeless woman, we can
speculate that she is sad and beaten down by life. On the other hand, she might be hopeful
because in spite of her poor situation, she is persevering.

In "Dante's Inferno", why does Virgil speak of "false and lying gods?"

I don't recall
the actual reference but the gods in classical literature can often be seen as false or
unreliable from the human perspective because their messages are enigmatic and misleading,
sometimes little more than riddles. The important lesson appears to be that when humans ask the
gods for information or guidance, they are in danger of hearing what they want to hear and
acting accordingly. Virgil, as I read him, has a strong vein of pessimism in his writing and
Dante's reference may be a reflection of this, a belief that the gods are of little help in
human suffering and distress.

How would you critically analyze Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw from a gender perspective?

byhas a plot derived
from the classical myth concerning Pygmalion and Galatea, in which the sculptor, Pygmalion,
fashioned Galatea, the perfect women, and then Aphrodite gave the sculpture life. In Shaw's
retelling of the story, Professor Higgins tries to shape Eliza Doolittle into the perfect
aristocratic woman, who can pass for a Duchess at a party.

Shaw, however,
rejects the model of woman simply as a passive object shaped by the male
will. Eliza Doolittle is a woman with a mind of her own and while she learns manners and style
of speech from Higgins, she refuses to be controlled by him. In fact, among the two most
effective and strong-willed characters of the play are Eliza and Mrs. Higgins.

Eliza rejects the role of a passive object to be formed by Higgins and instead chooses
to marry the weak-willed and amiable Freddy. Shaw sees that strength of character can be found
in both men and women equally, and he argues in the Afterword that romantic pairings, rather
than being dominated by males, are balanced, with strong characters marrying weaker ones,
irrespective of gender:

Eliza has no use for the foolish
romantic tradition that all women love to be mastered, if not actually bullied and beaten. ...
 [S]trong people, masculine or feminine, not only do not marry stronger people, but ... seek for
every other quality in a partner than strength.

The tone
of "" by American writer href="https://www.biography.com/writer/ernest-hemingway">Ernest Hemingway
is a matter-of-fact, direct tone. It is an unbiased reporting by Hemingway of this story stored
in his mind, as if it was a real incident and he was relaying Just the facts maam. (With
apologies to Jack Webb on the TV series Dragnet).

Hemingway is reporting,
dryly and without emotion, a moment in time in a caf© one night. The tone is almost deadpan, as
if told by a poker player with a straight face not wanting to reveal anything, especially
emotion or any sense of real concern.

The style of "A Clean,
Well-Lighted Place" is one of unembellished discourse. It is a factual account of what is
happening in this clean caf©. It does not mean that this is a true account, though.

Hemingway, through the eyes of the two waiters is giving a factual account of what is
happening in the moment in the cafe. Nevertheless, do the waiters really know the whole truth
about this old man? Do they really know the truth of his life and what brought him to this
point? Do they really understand his life with his niece? Do they know for sure what caused this
old man to try and kill himself?

This unadorned style of writing makes the
reader concentrate on the heart of the story. There is no flowery language to distract the
reader from the harshness of this story. The harshness is the way the old man is confronting and
dealing with old age €“ all its challenges in what can be a very cruel world.

Furthermore, this plain style mimics the austereness of this simple caf© on a dusty
street. The austere writing also mimics the stark reality of a man in his eighties having to
drink alone in some caf©/bar and having to stumble home somewhat after hes imbibed too
much.

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How do the themes/story of the old woman contribute to the overall message in Voltaire's Candide?

In 's
novel, , the three themes that stand out in the old woman's tale for me
are:

• one cannot depend that things will always stay the same:
  being rich and famous one day does not necessarily guarantee that this will not
  change
• even though we may believe our troubles are awful, there is always
  someone with difficulties worse than our own
• even when we hate our lives
  and think it would be better to be dead, we still hold on to life; while there is life, there is
  still hope

Voltaire wrote Candide in the
form of a  (a form of ) directed toward Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibnitz and his philosophy on
optimismwe see this in Pangloss' teachings and attitude which continually return to his belief
that in every situation, "this best of all possible worlds." In other words,
everything is as it should be.

My sense is that more than having an
unshakable belief that things are always for the best no matter the circumstances, I imagine
that Voltaire believed a realistic approach to life was more valuable. This is not to say that
people should not have an appreciation for positive things in their life, but one need not
appreciate difficulties and hardships, seeing them as positive parts of our
human existence.

Because Voltaire is making fun of optimism under every
circumstance, I believe the old woman's story, and the themes found there, encourage the reader
to feel positive when appropriate, and sad when a situation dictates it. Bad things happen, but
this is not something we must accept without resistance or feeling.

The ideas
that things can change at any time, there are always other people with problems worse than our
own, and regardless of our heartaches, life is still valuable are realistic concepts that follow
the advice that the old woman shares: she is not silly enough to believe that watching her
mother murdered was "the best of all possible worlds." And this is exactly what
Voltaire was trying to share with his audience. The author uses the character of the old woman
to allow us to feel honestly about the things that fill our life: thankful when things are good,
and hopeful when things go awry.

Who are Brent's apprentices in Chapter 7 of the book Whirligig by Paul Fleischman?

Brent's
apprentices in Chapter 7 are a group of young children who happen to come around as he is
constructing his whirligig on the beach near the small town of Beale Beach, Florida.  At first
there are "seven or eight of them, all black, all grammar-school-aged except for one older
girl."  When they first arrive, they are just playing in the water nearby, then one of the
notices him, "call(s) to the others, and (leads) a noisy charge to investigate."  The
kids basically create havoc, blowing on Brent's harmonica, playing with his saw, and asking a
lot of questions. ...

What's the difference between the state and federal government?

The United
States features a division of powers between the fifty states and the national government. This
division of power is called federalism. Both governments are similar in form and act directly on
their respective citizens, but they occupy different spheres of responsibility.

When the United States was founded, and through most of the nineteenth century, the
locus of most government activity was the states. The federal government maintained the army and
navy, delivered the mail, and did little else. That balance between state and national
governments has been substantially changed, if not reversed, with the federal government
entering more and more areas that were formerly the province of the states.

The states and the national government are very similar in form. All fifty-one
governments are divided into the three familiar branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.
Forty-nine of the fifty states have bicameral (two house) legislatures like Congress, Nebraska
being the exception. But the state governments often differ from the national government in
important respects. For example, all executive branch officers of the national government are
essentially agents of the president, assisting him in carrying out his constitutional
responsibility to take care that the laws be faithfully executed. In the states, by contrast,
certain executive officers, such as the attorney general or state comptroller, are often
independently elected officers not dependent on the governor for their authority.

The national government is a government of limited powers. It may exercise only those
powers granted to it by the Constitution. By contrast, the state governments pre-date the
Constitution and therefore do not derive their powers from the Constitution. They are, however,
subject to limitations imposed by the Constitution. Some of these restrictions are found in the
original Constitution, such as the prohibition on bills of attainder (conviction of crime by
legislative action), ex post facto laws (laws punishing an act that was not illegal when
committed), or laws impairing the obligation of contracts in Article I, section 10. Others have
been added by the amendments to the Constitution, such as the requirements that no state deny
any person the right to vote because of race, color, or previous condition of servitude, or sex,
contained in the Fifteenth and Nineteenth Amendments. The Courts have also found implicit
limitations. For example, the Constitution in Article I, section 8, grants Congress the power
To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian
Tribes. The Supreme Court has interpreted this grant of power as imposing an implicit limitation
on the power of the states to enact legislation that affects interstate commerce.

Whereas the national government is a government of limited powers, the state
governments exercise the three great powers of government: police, taxation, and eminent domain.
The police power is the most extensive of these powers. It is the power to legislate to promote
the health, safety, morals, and welfare of the people. The power of taxation is the power to
compel exactions from the populace for the support of the government. And the power of eminent
domain is the power to seize property, upon payment of fair compensation, for government use.
The federal government exercises the latter two powers. But the national government does not
enjoy the police power. Because of expansive definitions of its delegated powers, such as its
power to regulate interstate commerce, however, the federal government has been able to enact
much police power type legislation. The regulation of food and drugs is an example of a police
power€“type regulation enacted pursuant to Congresss power over interstate commerce.

Both governments enact and enforce criminal laws. Sometimes these laws conflict, and
conduct that is illegal under the law of one government is legal under the law of the other. For
example, marijuana is classified as a schedule I controlled substance under federal law and is
illegal to possess or distribute. On the other hand, several states, including California, have
made possession and use of marijuana legal. Theoretically, Californians who take advantage of
their state law to possess marijuana can be prosecuted in federal court. The federal Department
of Justice has, however, declined thus far to prosecute such violations in states where
marijuana possession is permitted. That is a policy decision, however, and is subject to change
at the discretion of the president and the attorney general.

Under the
federal system, the states and the federal government are each supreme in their own spheres. But
in case of a conflict, federal law triumphs by virtue of the Supremacy Clause in Article VI of
the Constitution. That clause says that the Constitution, the laws enacted pursuant to the
Constitution, and treaties made under the authority of the United States are the supreme law of
the land and thus take precedence over contrary state laws. This precedence applies where there
is an explicit conflict between state and federal laws, as well as to certain situations when
federal law preempts even non-inconsistent state law because the subject requires national
uniformity.

In sum, the states, although much diminished, still exercise
important governmental powers. They are independent actors and not merely administrative organs
of the federal government. The national government has expanded well beyond the scope envisioned
by the framers of the Constitution by liberal interpretation of the powers granted Congress in
Article I and has probably supplanted the states as the agency of government most important to
the average person. But the recent decision in the Obamacare case, limiting the interstate
commerce power, suggests a halt to the ever-expanding scope of those powers, if not an actual
retrenchment. Federalism may be on life support, but it still survives.

In The Egypt Game, explain April's thoughts on friendship and what causes her to change her mind.

The theme of friendship
is a vital strand to this rich novel. The children prove the way in which friendship based on
unconditional acceptance, no matter what the background or appearance of people may be, can be
achieved more easily by children than by adults. However, at first, it is clear that April,
because of her lack of friends in the past, is more concerned with trying to maintain her image
of the daughter of a movie star, with her outlandish dress and her fake eyelashes. Note for
example the first time that she plays with Melanie it is only after a while that she forgets the
persona she is trying to project, removes her fake eyelashes so that she can read, and actually
manages to enjoy herself. It is only as she is leaving at the end of this chapter that she makes
a very interesting observation to Melanie:

You know what?
I never did call them that before, but imagining games are just about all I ever play because
most of the time I never have anybody to play with.

Friendship then is something that is a new experience to April, and this explains the
struggles that she has in accepting the friendship of Melanie and how she has to adjust in order
to be part of a friendship group that satisfies her need for belonging and love. What makes
April change in her attitude to friendship is the constant love and acceptance that Melanie and
others show towards her. The novel tells the story of how April moves from being a very isolated
and lonely girl who has not experienced true friendship to being a young girl who is able to
accept herself and others through the love that she is shown. This is demonstrated through the
way in which she gradually changes the way she dresses and does her hair. Having only had her
mother to model herself on, it is only natural that she tries to pass herself as an adult. When
she gets to know other children her age, however, she realises that it is alright to be a child,
just like them.