Identify important features of Cleanthes's and Paley's arguments and how the two differ from each other and articulate objections raised against each.

To begin,
it's important to note that Cleanthes is not actually a real person but a character invented by
David Hume in his Dialogues Concerning Natural . In this work, Cleanthes is
in conversation with Philo, a skeptic, and Demea, who adheres to a more Orthodox brand of
Christianity. So, the objections and criticisms to Cleanthes's arguments are raised in the very
same work that his argument is presented.

Both Cleanthes and Paley advance
versions of an argument known as the Argument for Design. Cleanthes claims that the existence of
a Creator is the rational conclusion that arises from study of the universe itself. He compares
it all to a "great machine, subdivided into an infinite number of lesser machines, which
again admit of subdivisions to a degree beyond what human faculties can trace and explain"
(book 2). In Cleanthes's view, nature's mechanical quality compares closely with the mechanical
creations of human beings, though nature achieves levels of sophistication no...

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