He had another
motto, which was emblazoned across the crest of the front page of his newspaper, The
Liberator: "That which is not just is not law". At the time he started
publishing he meant to suggest that it was a moral imperative that Christians and Americans
should disobey unjust laws, such as the Fugitive Slave Act, which required that northerners
report and turn in runaway slaves whenever they saw them, essentially deputizing the entire
North. Garrsion felt there was no democratic or Christian way in which he could or should be
required to do so, and advocated breaking that law, among others.
Tuesday, May 31, 2016
What was Garrison's motto in Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass? What did this mean?
What types of literary techniques are used in The Lovely Bones?
In
addition to the other techniques mentioned in the previous posts, Sebold also uses elements of
the supernatural that takes her novel outside the realm of straightforwardor
Bildungsroman.
Susie narrates the story from beyond the grave, a fact she
introduces in the opening lines of the book:
My name is
Salmon, like the fish; first name, Susie. I was fourteen when I was murdered.
This underscores the idea that Susie can only interact with the
other characters in the novel on Earth from the spiritual, purgatory-like realm she now
inhabits. While the beginning of the text focuses heavily on the events leading up to Susies
murder, the rest deals with the aftermath.
From Susies watchful presence over
Mr. Harvey, her possession of Ruths body, and her revelation of her face in every piece of
glass, every shard and sliver in her fathers destroyed ships in a bottle, her supernatural
impact on the people she left behind is the driving force behind the narrative.
Beyond this,...
Monday, May 30, 2016
What does Eliza's act of fetching Higgins's slippers symbolize in Pygmalion?
It
symbolizes her loyalty and devotion to Prof. Higgins.
Higgins has
successfully trained Eliza to be a lady of quality in much the same way that you'd train a puppy
to fetch your slippers. Despite her outward demeanor as a duchess, Eliza is still instinctively
deferential...
What are some examples of figurative language in song lyrics?
mizzwillie
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The original question has to do with figurative language and song lyrics which I'm sure
you have access to if you love music. I would suggest you try Amy Winehouse because if you can
find figurative language in her dark songs, you can find it anywhere. In her song, "Back
to Black", she uses awith the phrase, "life is like a pipe" which is a comparison
between two unlike objects using like or as and gives the picture of life being a long, narrow,
confining pipe. Another example from this same song is theshe uses when she says, "And I'm
a tiny penny rolling up the walls inside." She is saying she IS the penny which is a
comparison between two unlike objects without using like or as which is a metaphor and gives the
listener the image of her feeling very small and fearful. This also can be used asas a penny
cannot roll up anything itself which means it has been given the human power to do so. The
image of her being so small and rolling up so tightly inside is also effective to show her fear
or despair. Obviously, this artist would be okay for a college song lyric, but I would not use
her for anyone younger as a classroom assignment. As a teacher, Amy Winehouse's lyrics would
cause too much grief because of her explicit words.
In the poem, what is the blacksmith's swinging of his sledge compared to?
The poem
says of the blacksmith:
You can hear him swing his heavy
sledge,
With measured beat and slow,
Like a sexton ringing the village
bell,
When the evening sun is low.
The village
bell is the church bell. In the past, this was often the only way people who could not afford
clocks or watches knew what time it was. The sexton was the...
In "The Open Window," what does the sentence "Romance at short notice was her speciality" mean?
The word
'romance' isn't a reference to the covert or overt displays of sexually-suggestive affection we
are familiar with today. Rather, the term references the 18th/19th Century Romantic movement
encompassing literature, art, and music. This movement saw the relaxing of strict rules in
poetry, prose, and art forms. The imagination (subjective) was elevated above classicism and
.
So, the sentence above refers to Vera's gift for making up elaborate and
imaginative stories on short notice. She is the type of person who can make up a fantastic story
on the spot. Her mischievous sense of humor allows her to concoct a wild tale of morbid terror
to horrify the gullible Framton.
After she finishes the gothic tale of
disappearance and mysterious deaths, the subjects of her story turn up very much alive. Framton
is so spooked that he makes a run for it.
"A most
extraordinary man, a Mr. Nuttel, said Mrs. Sappleton; could only talk about his illnesses and
dashed off without a word of good-bye or apology when you arrived. One would think he had seen a
ghost."
In response to Mrs. Sappleton's comment,
Vera makes up another fantastic story to explain Framton's sudden departure. Her penchant for
imaginative story-telling immediately designates her a romantic who derives great pleasure from
her skill.
Sunday, May 29, 2016
What does Daniel expect to lose to gain Joel's freedom in The Bronze Bow?
Daniel
expects to lose his life to gain Joel's freedom. The author says,
"He had no real expectation that he would get back up the bank, but he meant to
see, with the last ounce of his strength, that Joel did."
When Daniel discovers that Rosh has no intention of sending men to free Joel, he
gathers a small band together himself and plots to secure Joel's release without Rosh's help.
Even though his insistence on trying to rescue his friend has forced him to break with the man
he has followed for so long, Daniel still has respect for the Cause to which they are all
committed, which is freeing Israel from the Romans. Telling his men that they
"have no right to waste lives that are needed for the
Cause...even for Joel,"
Daniel plans to take just as
much risk as is necessary to free Joel, and no more. He instructs his men to cause a distraction
on the cliff while he takes on the dangerous job of climbing down to cut Joel's chains, and when
Joel's release is secured, tells them that they must all retreat, and not worry about his own
safety (Chapters 18-19).
Was it right for the feud of the parents to reflect and influence the lives of Romeo and Juliet? Was it right for the feud of the parents to reflect...
This is great
year to answer this question! Here's how I explain it to my students:
In an
election year, we usually have some students that walk around the school telling everyone who
the next President should be. Most students say their opinion without any real foundation to
back them. They just "know" that it should be Hillary, or it should be Obama, or it
should be McCain, etc. So I ask my students, why do you think it should be that person? Most
of the time, the only reason they are "supporters" of that candidate is because mom
and dad are supporters of that candidate. This is whatbecame a part of; right or wrong, it was
the only way of life for any of the Capulets and Montagues. There were only a few who were
strong enough to raise above the insults,being one. So, do I believe it was right for parents
to influence kids? Yes - because that's how life works!
What are various types, uses, and effects of technology across the healthcare industry, and what is the impact? A prestigious health care organization...
By
"organization members" you may be talking about stockholders-at-large and immediate
participants within the organization. For this reason, the healthcare experience when it comes
to technology needs to be universal and relevant enough to be used by everyone, or at least, to
be recognized by everyone involved. In other words, technology cannot be exclusive, but
inclusive.
Some great new technology to be proposed at a healthcare level
includes:
1. Cloud-based storage for millions of medical records with easy
access to practitioners.
Rather than storing new client data into paper and
pen folders, a specialized group should be able to scan the most significant information and
enter it on a cloud-drive with its own access codes, depending on who is requesting the
information. All access codes should be private, and nobody should have the same code. This will
ease the access to information and will expedite diagnosis and treatment options. It will also
help with prescriptions and drug interactions. In Emergency Rooms (ERs), a cloud-based storage
that is of immediate access can make a difference between trying to figure out what is wrong
with a patient and getting it right the first time.
2. Cloud based access
technology- If all practitioners in one healthcare environment carry with them the technology
needed to access cloud-based storage data immediately, then it would be easier to prep for
surgeries, acute care, and every other condition. When two practitioners, instead of one, have
equal access to data, things can happen quicker. While we proposed that no two practitioners
have the same access codes, there should be parameters as to which information each is able to
access.
3.Wireless monitoring of ICU and NICU units. If all personnel in a
hospital had a wireless, real-life tracking device where they can check on patients from
wherever they are, they would have a faster way to contact personnel that is closer to the
patient, if needed.
4. Instant blood pathogen identifier- Hospitals decide
which blood tests would be administered to ER cases, as well as typical hospital cases, not
knowing if there are any known (or yet-to-be-known) pathogens that may risk the lives of those
tending the patient, as well as the life of the patient, himself. Rather than offering a
"rule-out" protocol for quarantine, there should be a way to administer blood tests
that could immediately detect abnormal levels of any substance.
5. Instant
red flags- If there were a cloud-based access medical resource where red flags could be
instantly identified a significant amount of time will be saved finding a treatment plan that
works.
For example instant red-flags should pop up in a wireless device which
can access cloud-based data regarding a patient if the latter has ever:
- suffered any form of cancer
- had any major
surgeries - had an organ removed
- been diagnosed with Hep
C, HIV, or any potentially dangerous infectious disease - has had a history
of hypertension, low blood pressure - has had diabetes
- has been a smoker
- has been treated for drug/alcohol
addiction.
As can be seen, it is easy to establish a good action
plan for technology that could be easily available if the funds are properly allocated. Read on
the article included and you will be amazed to see how much is actually available and has yet to
be put into practice.
Saturday, May 28, 2016
How does the relationship between Virgil and Dante change throughout Inferno?
I
would argue that the relationship between
Dante and Virgil doesn't change that much over the
course of The
Inferno. When Virgil first appears in1, he offers to help
Dante,
who has been stalled by the she-wolf blocking his path to the hill (Heaven). Virgil
tells
him that he knows another way; it involves traveling through all of the
circles of Hell, but
Virgil promises to be Dante's guide and
companion.
As Virgil leads Dante
through the vestibule of
Hell inand all of the nine circles that follow, he repeatedly prepares
Dante
for what he is about to see and protects him from those who question his presence
(since
he is not dead nor damned yet). Virgil tells Charon, for example, that
it is not his place to
question what God has deemed necessary. Dante faints
repeatedly, overcome by his fear and
disgust, and Virgil supports him and
helps him move on to the next level.
Finally, in the last
ring of the ninth circle, the poets see Satan and the three worst
traitors of
historyJudas, Brutus, and Cassiuseach placed in one of Satan's three mouths. To
exit
Hell they must literally climb Satan's giant hairy body. Virgil actually
carries Dante on his
back, symbolizing not only that a sinner must overcome
Satan and sin to get to Purgatory or
Heaven but also that most sinners need
assistance in their quest. As he has done all along,
Virgil helps Dante
complete his journey through Hell and allows him to move on to purgatory in
the next part of .
Thursday, May 26, 2016
In Romeo and Juliet, what are the characteristics of the Prince?
is a
stern, noble figure. He is not affiliated with the Montagues or the Capulets, and he rules over
the city. When the Montague and Capulet servants break out into a brawl (which inspires their
masters to get in on the action as well) at the beginning of the play, the Prince shows up to
get everyone to stop, threatening capital punishment if there is another disturbance of the
peace.
The Prince is, therefore, a voice of reason, as well as a symbol of
law and order. His goal is to make sure peace prevails, for the sake of the people of Verona who
often get caught in the crossfire during these brawls. He does not take sides and is willing to
administer punishment on anyone who deserves it. Yet he is not without some level of mercy, as
seen when he hasbanished rather than executed for killingin a fight, aftertells him Romeo was
only reacting to Tybalt's killing .
At the end of the play, the Prince has
also lost relativesMercutio and as a result of the Montague-Capulet feud. During the final
scene, he expresses his own complicity in the violence, claiming that he too has been punished
for "winking" at their fighting. This suggests he feels he did not do enough to
prevent the deaths that happened as a result of the feud.
So, it can be said
the Prince is just, moral, strict, honest, and humble enough to admit when he has been at
fault.
Tuesday, May 24, 2016
What devastating news does Pip get about Estella while visiting Satis House?
It is ironic
that Pip obtains the devastating news that Estella will marry Bentley Drummle as he visits Miss
Havisham at Satis House because he has come to this house because he has just received even
more devastating news. In Chapter XLIV of Great Expectaions, Pip arrives
and tells Miss Havisham that he is "...as unhappy as you have ever meant me to be."
Then, after declaring before Miss Havisham the love he has for Estella, he learns that she is
betrothed to Bentley Drummle, Pip's deadly rival for Estella's attentions.
Upon hearing this...
The barbed-wire fence is a physical separation between Bruno and Shmuel. What other types of separation does the fence represent in this story?
The
fence could also said to represent the separation between truth and fantasy. Those on one side
of the fence, such as Bruno and his family, live in a Nazified fantasy world in which the heroic
master-race is superior to all other races and therefore has the right to do as it pleases.
According to the warped Nazi world-view, concentration camps are part of a bold, radical policy
that will ensure the future strength and security of the German people. It is this fanatical
ideology by which Bruno's father lives, and by which, if necessary, he is prepared to
die.
On the other side of the fence, the sordid realities of the Nazi Empire
are there for all to see. There's nothing noble or heroic about the gigantic program of genocide
being carried out by the Germans. This is mass murder, pure and simple. And yet the Germans,
still stuck in their deranged fantasy world, are not prepared to face up to this sickening
reality. They think they're acting as benefactors of humankind in destroying a...
Monday, May 23, 2016
`int (x e^(2x))/(1 + 2x)^2 dx` Evaluate the integral
`int(xe^(2x))/(1+2x)^2dx`
If f(x) and g(x) are differentiable functions, then
`intf(x)g'(x)=f(x)g(x)-intf'(x)g(x)dx`
If we rewrite f(x)=u and
g'(x)=v, then
`intuvdx=uintvdx-int(u'intvdx)dx`
Using the
above method of integration by parts,
Let `u=xe^(2x)`
`u'=xd/dx(e^(2x))+e^(2x)d/dx(x)`
`u'=x(2e^(2x))+e^(2x)`
`u'=e^(2x)(2x+1)`
`v=1/(1+2x)^2`
`intvdx=int(1/(1+2x)^2)dx`
Let's integrate by the use of
substitution method,
Let t=1+2x
`dt=2dx`
`int(1/(1+2x)^2)dx=intdt/(2t^2)`
`=1/2(t^(-2+1)/(-2+1))`
`=-1/(2t)`
substitute back t=1+2x,
`=-1/(2(1+2x))`
`int(xe^(2x))/(1+2x)^2dx=xe^(2x)int(1/(1+2x)^2)dx-int(d/dx(xe^(2x))int(1/(1+2x)^2)dx)dx)`
`=xe^(2x)(-1/(2(1+2x)))-inte^(2x)(1+2x)(-1/(2(1+2x)))dx`
`=(-xe^(2x))/(2(1+2x))+inte^(2x)/2dx`
`=(-xe^(2x))/(2(1+2x))+(1/2)e^(2x)/2`
`=e^(2x)/4-(xe^(2x))/(2(1+2x))`
Add a constant C to the
solution,
`int(xe^(2x))/(1+2x)^2dx=e^(2x)/4-(xe^(2x))/(2(1+2x))+C`
Saturday, May 21, 2016
When Scout, Jem, and Dill are at the jailhouse, how does Jem react after Atticus tells him to go home and why?
Inof
, a crowd of men comes to the Maycomb jail, whereis guarding Tom Robinson
inside. They clearly plan to get Atticus out of the way and lynch Tom Robinson so that they can
carry out vigilante justice and deny Tom his right to a trial, however flawed that trial might
be. Atticus tellsto go home (and to takewith him) to protect him, but Jem stands his
ground:
"As
Atticuss fists went to his hips, so did Jems, and as they faced each other I could see little
resemblance between them: Jems soft brown hair and eyes, his oval face and snug-fitting ears
were our mothers, contrasting oddly with Atticuss graying black hair and square-cut features,
but they were somehow alike. Mutual defiance made them alike" (page 152; page numbers vary
by edition).
Jem refuses to go home because he thinks the
men might harm Atticus in his absence. He also refuses to go home because, as this passage
implies, he is quite similar to Atticus. While Jem resembles his mother (who is deceased) in
physical traits, his character is like that of Atticus. Like Atticus, Jem has a great deal of
integrity, and once he decides something is right, he will not back down. Atticus is of course
similar in his defense of Tom Robinson. It is, in the end, Scout who gets the men to back down
when she reminds Mr. Cunningham that she is friends with his son, Walter, and she speaks about
the entailment case in which Atticus is helping Mr. Cunningham. In response, Mr. Cunningham
suddenly feels ashamed of acting as he has in front of children, and he tells the men to leave.
As Jem and Scout are heading home, Atticus ruffles Jem's hair, which is a rare sign of
affection. This gesture shows that Atticus understands that his son is a person of bravery and
integrity.
Friday, May 20, 2016
What are the elements of Romantic art, such as line, colors, space, form, and texture, found in the painting The Fighting Temeraireby Joseph Mallord...
Identifying Romantic
art is a bit tricky since, unlike other movements such as Impressionism,
Neoclassical, or Expressionism, Romanticism does not have its own unique style. Instead, since
Romanticism has to do with individualism and the
expression of deep, intense feelings, characteristics in Romantic
art will differ per Romantic artist in order to capture that artist's own uniqueness. However,
there are a few elements Romantic works of art have in common, such
as subject matter, line, color, and texture.
Romanticism emerged as a
rebellion against Enlightenment ideals. The Enlightenment emphasized...
How many electrons does the third energy level hold? A) 2 B) 8 C) 4 D) 18
D)
18
There are 4 shells of electron distribution:
Which of the following statements best expresses a major theme of the text? A. There is no greater fear than that of death and nothingness. B....
All four of these themes are present to some
degree in 's short story "," but only the third (C), can be described as a major
theme
of the text. The narrator tells us in the first paragraph that he has
survived the horrors of
the Inquisition, since he describes the lips of the
judges as "whiter than the sheet upon
which I trace these words," which is to
say that he is writing about the incident at a
later date.
The story consists of a series of incidents which could easily
have
proved fatal. The fear of death and nothingness and the suffering caused by
religious
intolerance are a constant background, but the theme of the story
is always the narrator's
survival in increasingly unlikely circumstances.
Only the accident of his stumbling prevents him
falling into the pit, but he
has to exercise real ingenuity to use a gothic detail of his
imprisonmentthe
rats with which his cell is infestedto escape the pendulum. The prolonged
description of his fall in the penultimate paragraph even suggests that he resists just
long
enough to be rescued by General Lasalle. At every point in the story
there is terror, but its
immediate causethe seemingly insuperable obstacleis
always surmounted.
href="https://poestories.com/text.php?file=pit">https://poestories.com/text.php?file=pit
Wednesday, May 18, 2016
Alright so I know the basic info on Vincent Van Gogh and whatnot. So my question is, how has Gogh's influence on art have an impact on our word...
Van Gogh's
mature paintings showed the world that personal and subjective feelings were able to be
expressed through color, abstract forms and motion. Many artists and students followed his
example of...
What was happening during the Renaissance Period that relates to Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet?
Shakespeare wrote during the period of the Renaissance known as the Elizabethan Period,
when Queen Elizabeth I ruled. A Protestant like her (deceased) mother, she forced her subjects
to worship in Anglican churches and forbade Catholic worship; those who chose to do so faced
possible death sentences.
It is known that Queen Elizabeth enjoyed
Shakespeare's work and had him visit her at court several times for various performances. It is
interesting, then, that Shakespeare pens into this script a particular confidant for : , a man
of Catholicism.
Shakespeare certainly knew he was walking a fine line here
with his Queen. He therefore creates a man of duality. The friar is both trusted byas they seek
his advice, and he is the man who carries significant blame for their
deaths. He is the one who provides the potion toto fake her own death. He is the one whose
leadership fails to deliver the important message to Romeo which would have saved them
both.
Briefly discuss the tyrannies Zinn describes in Chapter 4 of A People's History of the United States.
In this
chapter, Zinn argues that the Founding Fathers were acting tyranically towards four groups of
people. These were African Americans, Native Americans, women, and workers.
In Chapter 4, Zinn does not do much to describe the first three tyrannies. After all, these are
well known and he also devotes other chapters...
Tuesday, May 17, 2016
Who do you think the old man Brown meets on the road is? Look closely at the words used to describe him. What do they signify?
The old
man thatmeets on the road is clearly meant to be the Devil. Brown knows from the moment he
leaves on his journey that he is doing something that he should not, and as soon as he meets up
with the traveler, who is clothed "in grave and decent attire," the traveler gives
Brown a clear indication that there is something mysterious about him:
"You are late, Goodman Brown," said he. "The clock of
the Old South was striking, as I came through Boston; and that is full fifteen minutes
agone."
Here the "Old South" refers to the
Old South Church in Boston, Massachusetts. Brown's journey takes him to the woods outside Salem.
In modern times, the journey between Boston and Salem takes at least a half hour by car, without
traffic. The fact that this traveler could move between the two locations in less than half of
that time, hundreds of years ago, suggests that he has supernatural powers.
Further, throughout the journey into the woods, Young Goodman Brown repeatedly...
Monday, May 16, 2016
What month did April and Melanie start "The Egypt Game"?
April and
Melanie get the idea for the Egypt Game during the time they spend in the library in August.
They begin the game itself "in September, in the Professor's deserted
yard".
It is August when April arrives at the Casa Rosada to live with
her grandmother. She is befriended by Melanie, and the two girls spend the month "together
almost every day". They pass the time playing games, take Melanie's little brother for
walks and to the park, and "almost every day they (go) to the library". One day,
April finds a new book about Egypt at the library, "an especially interesting one about the
life of a young pharaoh". She passes it on to Melanie, and soon, the two girls, "with
the help of a sympathetic librarian...(have) found and read just about everything the library
(has) to offer on Egypt". April and Melanie begin to devise their own system of
hieroglyphics, and they become known at the library as "the Egypt
Girls".
At the beginning of September, "with school only a few days
away", the girls discover the Professor's backyard, and the Egypt Game begins (Chapter 4).
Other people are accepted in the group, and the game grows and develops through the fall until
unforeseen circumstances involving the Professor intervene. When the situation is resolved just
after Christmas, the girls decide the game has run its course, and begin to share ideas for new
adventures.
What did Framton think of Mrs. Sappleton in "The Open Window"?
It is important to
remember how
Framton's opinion of Mrs. Sappleton, a woman he has never met before, has
been
coloured completely by Vera's account of why the window is open and what
supposedly happened to
Mrs. Sappleton's husband and brothers one day.
Therefore it is understandable that Framton finds
meeting Mrs. Sappleton a
horrible experience when she talks about her husband and brothers as if
they
were still alive. Note the following quote:
She
rattled on cheerfully about the shooting and the scarcity of
birds, and the prospects for duck
in winter. To Framton it was all purely
horrible.
Framton
therefore thinks
that Mrs. Sappleton is so deranged by her grief and the tragic accident that
happened that she is completely unable to accept the reality of the tragic accident that
Vera
told him about. Framton's opinion of his host is therefore a direct
result of Vera's
manipulation, which it is only the reader who comes to
realise, as Framton leaves far too
rapidly to discover the way he has been
tricked.
Sunday, May 15, 2016
what should i write in "my experiences" while doing the my disaster management project??????
If you have
actually been involved in managing a disaster, or if you have been imagining being in that
position, or if you have watched news reports about a natural disaster, it should not be that
difficult to determine what "experiences" you had or might have had during that
time.
How did you travel to arrive at the...
Are Stella and Blanche similar in A Streetcar Named Desire?
The play
bypresents the diverse lives of sisters Blanche Dubois and Stella
Kowalski. Blanche and Stella belonged to what was once a very rich and powerful family.
Unfortunate events, including the death of the Dubois patriarch, fell upon the family bringing
financial ruin. As a result, Blanche Dubois had to re-start her life with no money and with
plenty of inner demons that would continuously haunt her. Among her weaknesses there was a
fixation with sex, excessive drinking, lying, denying her reality, and pretending to be the
person whom she once was.
Contrastingly, her sister Stella was younger than
Blanche. She had left the Dubois household before Blanche did and eloped to marry a rogue and
chauvinistic man named Stanley. Stella puts up with Stanleys drinking and gambling, much to
Blanches disappointment. She also makes excuses for him, which makes Blanche quite upset. Here
we see one of the biggest differences between the two sisters: Blanche is much more assertive
when it comes to dealing with men. Stella, on the other hand, allows her husband to handle her
as he wishes.
However, Stellas attraction to Stanley is purely sexual. In
this, she is just like Blanche: Both sisters have a weakness for sex that drives their life
choices. Even after Stella got a beating from Stanley, he fixed the situation by having sex with
her knowing how much she liked it. In fact, Stella seemed to ignore every one of Stanleys bad
qualities all for the sake of his presumed talent in bed.
On a similar note,
Blanche was known to have lived at a hotel where she supposedly took in many gentlemen callers.
She also had an affair with one of her students, enjoyed flirting, and consistently used
sexuality to attract men. It was no secret that Blanche had a lewd past. Her notoriety was so
great that even Stanley found out about her old practices. Hence, the sisters seemed to have a
similarity in that they are both obsessed with sex in one form or another.
What are the differences and similarities between Stanley and Zero in Louis Sachar's Holes?
Stanley
"Caveman" Yelnats and Zero are first and foremost bound by the crime for which Stanley
is doing time at Camp Green Lake. Stanley is wrongfully accused of stealing a pair of
sneakersshoes which, in reality, Zero had stolen out of desperation. The intersection of their
personal and family histories both happened to land them at the same juvenile detention center.
Once there, it is clear that both Stanley and Zero possess personal grit and resilience, a
distaste for injustice, and a desire to see the wrongs of the world righted. Together, they
learn to embrace their courage and fight the system which is oppressing them.
Their differences lie in their environments of origin and their upbringing. Zero is
extremely uneducated and comes from a place of poverty (having been left homeless after his
mother abandoned him), whereas Stanley has attended school, possesses a family, and is
comfortable enough, although not by any means rich. Zero is the best digger at the camp despite
his small stature, whereas Stanley possesses more intellectual acumen.
Saturday, May 14, 2016
A patient with burns to the skin complains of numbness and difficulty staying warm. Based on this information, diagnose which layers of skin were...
The layers
of the skin affected by the burn in this question are the epidermis and dermis. When a burn
occurs to soft-tissue, the fragile, yet strong nerve endings enter in a "protective and
chaotic" mode, trying to restore a homeostatic environment. There is also a massive
attempt from the body to thermoregulate itself. The heat...
If I change the setting of "Journey to the Centre of the Earth" without changing the characters, how would the story be different and why is it so? If...
It
depends on the type of setting you change it to. The novel is a tale of adventure (the science
of this work is completely off-base, as opposed to some of Verne's other works, most notable
20,000 Leagues Under the Sea), and it is pretty standard. You have the
over-confident leader, with a naive/nervous follower, and a faithful companion. Put them in any
dangerous setting, and the characters at least would stay the same.
In a
voyage through an uncharted jungle (toward a rumored lost civilization), Professor Liedenbrock
would still be the "expert" on this civilization....
Thursday, May 12, 2016
After emancipation, how did ex-slaves exercise their new freedoms, and how did white southerners attempt to limit them?
After the
Civil War, many former slaves searched for missing family members who were either sold or
displaced by the war. Many former slaves took advantage of their new freedom of movement and
traveled to other towns in the South. Others moved West and North in search of better treatment
and work. Former slaves also sought out educational opportunities through the Freedmen's Bureau
and by taking advantage of the new primary schools being erected in the South. While many former
slaves did not leave the plantation, many sought out sharecropper relationships in which they
hoped to one day obtain a plot of land of their own, but, in most cases, the sharecropper system
resulted in generational poverty. Many former slaves also voted and many ran successfully for
public office.
Many whites in the South were not in favor of these social
changes. Former slaves were often required by cities to carry passes while they traveled or else
be charged with vagrancy and then being put to work in a chain...
An Eye For An Eye Makes The Whole World Blind Meaning
If everyone
took revenge, there would be no one left. Consider theperson who loses his house to bank
foreclosure. You've heard the tale. He goes on a shooting spree and destroys the bank, or blows
up thebank, either way symbolically taking the bank's "house" as they tookhis. Yet he
does not benefit from this, and neither does his family. It only creates more suffering for
everyone.
Wednesday, May 11, 2016
Was nick a reliable narrator in The Great Gatsby?
seems to be
reliable throughout this story. He remains one of the only moralin the entire tale.is clouded by
his desires to turn back time.is morally corrupt in his arrogance, womanizing, and self centered
actions.is just as arrogant as Tom and together they run around creating a mess then run away
and let other people deal with the aftermath and clean it up.is unreliable and morally corrupt
as demonstrated by the "golf incident". Myrtle is cheating on George and shows herself
to be false in almost every way when entertaining at the apartment in the city. George turns out
to be a murderer at the end. Nick is the only one who maintains his morality. If he is
unreliable, it would have to be due to his fondness for Gatsby and Gatsby's romantic
dreams.
Discuss the Mongol Conquest. What were the positive and negative effects?
A typical
understanding of the Mongols--especially Mongols during the era of Genghis Khan (Ghengis the
Chief or Ruler)--stems from reports written by eyewitnesses or contemporaneous historians
through whom their advent is portrayed as a bloody "bolt from the blue"--a sudden,
swift, unexpected surprise from quarters previously unknown thus unfeared--that left only
destruction, death, horror and lasting grief as the sign of its devastation. A medieval Russian
chronicle from Novgorod vividly describes Mongol impact on the region:
No one exactly knows who they are, nor whence they came out, nor
what their language is, nor of what race they are, nor what their faith is . . . God alone knows
(Mitchell and Forbes, p. 64).
A thirteenth-century
Persian eyewitness in Iran summarized the initial impact of their attack in Iran: "They
came, they sapped, they burnt, they slew, they plundered and they departed" (Juwayni,
1916/1997, p. 107). The Arab chronicler ibn al-Athir, although not an eyewitness, chronicled his
reaction to the stories that reached him and his fellow Arab countrymen about Genghis Khan's
attacks and rise to power. His emotion-filled, half hysterical words have set the tone and
perception throughout the ages of history and throughout the peoples of the world of the
Eurasian Mongol attacks on the world from the Red Sea to the China Sea and from the steppes to
the desserts:
O would that my mother had never borne me,
that I had died before and that I were forgotten [so] tremendous disaster such as had never
happened before, and which struck all the world, though the Muslims above all . . . Dadjdjal
[Muslim Anti-Christ] will at least spare those who adhere to him, and will only destroy his
adversaries. These [Mongols], however, spared none. They killed women, men, children, ripped
open the bodies of the pregnant and slaughtered the unborn (Spuler, 1972, pp. 290).
Once Genghis Khan had begun attacking surrounding peoples, he
described himself as "the punishment of God"--implying the demon of hell being
released upon Muslims and Christians who were ready to believe the appellation--and was pleased
that others perceived him in fiendish, destructive this role. The religion of the Mongols--a
congregate of nomadic and semi-nomadic tribes with groups and subgroups loosely united under a
"khan" who could bring goods and security to the group through raids and defenses--was
shamanic. This means they worshiped spirits whom they perceived to be indwelling in elements of
nature and that allowed interaction and channeling through a chosen religious shaman who had the
authority, right and responsibility of entering an altered state to correspond with the spirits
for guidance, help, healing and protection. Knowing the clash of religious systems--monotheism
of Muslim and Christian versus pan-spirit shamanism--makes the appellation of "punishment
of god" more easily understood.
Besides brutal barbarity, the Mongol
conquests gave birth to a plethora of historians and chronicles reporting eyewitness or hearsay
accounts. These many historical scribe chroniclers, both within the Mongol nation and without,
were happy to accommodate the Mongols' desire for notoriety and a rising reputation for
barbarism and cruelty. Primary sources in a wealth of languages allow for critical analysis and
comparison between these various sources that yields a more balanced account of what actually
occurred during the Mongol conquest of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Since Bernard
Lewis questioned the basis of the Mongols' tainted reputation in 1995, scholarly opinion has
grown more sympathetic toward the legacy of Genghis Khan.
Genghis Khan, the
leader of the "people of the felt-walled tents" and the "the peoples of the Nine
Tongues" (Onon, 1993, p. 102), was born Tem¼jin and endured a brutal and merciless
childhood. His father was murdered when he was young, and his mother and her offspring were
abandoned by their clan to survive in a very harsh and unforgiving environment. later, as a
young man, Tem¼jin's wife Borte was kidnapped by a raiding tribe; woman kidnapping was a common
part of tribal raids. The virtue of compassion was expressed in non-Western modes on the harsh
steppes. Tem¼jin became the khan of his family, then rose as khan over a small alliance of
other family tribes. In a culture that gave power to men who could promise prosperity through
successful raids, during hard times, on neighboring tribes to gain goods and land, not to kill
opponents (this cultural distinction is important to remember when considering how Genghis later
spread his power through Eurasia), Tem¼jin came to the notice of the overlord of khans, Ong
Khan, who made Tem¼jin his successor--leading to the anger of Ong's son, Senggum, who expected
to be successor and who gathered forces to try to assassinate Tem¼jin--and the future Genghis
Khan. Ghengis's first acts were to unify the families and tribes around him with a strengthened
military operation and to make kidnapping of women in raids illegal. In an act of steppe
compassion, he also legitimized all children so none were born illegitimate and he made it
illegal to sell women as brides. The stage was set on all levels--military, tolerance, reward
and punishment--for conquering the world, which Genghis began to do in response to drought, to
restrictions from China imposed on trade with the Mongols and, possibly, in response to a
shamanic call to conquer the world under one ruler.
Turco-Mongol Unity
Mongol tribal khans
maintained power, thus unity, only by delivering on promises of wealth and plenty. If the
promise was not met, then the khan fell or was forced to join an alliance with another khan who
could meet the promises required by the tribe. By 1206 the Turco-Mongol clans of the steppe,
which were originally brought together by Ong Khan, were united under the charismatic rule of
Genghis Khan who had a size, unity and dedication of military force and endurance that
distinguished it from past steppe armies. Prior to Genghis the tribes had often been manipulated
by the Chinese and other settled agrarian peoples that had often commanded the Mongol nomads'
predatory raids. According to Mongol cultural ideology as described above, Genghis first raided
for the booty (the goods and land or "turf") with which to satisfy his followers and
placate his rivals, because a ruler who could not bring the goods promised would soon be removed
from power, and with which he amassed prestige and power that supported him against challengers
to his rule, such as the defeated Senggum. The initial raids into northern China for goods
during the early decades of the thirteenth century were thereafter followed by attacks, with
killings, that were the first actions to be characterized by the barbarity with which Genghis
Khan of the Mongols has become identified. Once Mongol power was established, Mongol rule during
the reigns of Genghis Khan's grandsons, H¼leg¼ in Iran (ruled 1256265) and Qubilai Qa'an in
China (ruled 1260294), represented scholarship, art, culture and the rule of fair law with
rewards being distributed for merit regardless of ethnicity, religion or nation.
The Mongols themselves were few in number, but from the outset Genghis absorbed other
Turkish tribes and conquered troops into his armies. He used traditional steppe military
tactics, with light cavalry, feigned retreats, and skillful archery, to conduct what were
initially raids to plunder from bases in the steppes into the agriculturally developed and
settled lands as opposed to into the steppe grasslands that were home to neighboring tribal
nomads. In the phase following raids for plunder, raids that were without the objective of
killing (Columbia University), in 1211 the Mongols invaded the independent Chin of northern
China, helped by renegade semi-nomadic Khitans, in a mighty struggle for supremacy that
continued after Genghis's death finally ending in 1234. It was the defeat of the Chin capital,
Zhangdu, (the site of modern Beijing) that gave rise to one of the most notorious stories of
Mongol atrocities:
[An envoy from the Khwarazmshah] saw a
white hill and in answer to his query was told by the guide that it consisted of bones of the
massacred inhabitants. At another place the earth was, for a long stretch of the road, greasy
from human fat and the air was so polluted that several members of the mission became ill and
some died. This was the place, they were told, where on the day that the city was stormed 60,000
virgins threw themselves to death from the fortifications in order to escape capture by the
Mongols (Raverty, 1995, p. 965).
The
World-Conqueror
Genghis then turned his attention westward in
campaigns against the ethnically Chinese Qara Khitai, whose Muslim merchants and administrators
came to form the backbone of his emerging empire. Following a failed trade envoy mission,
Genghis then reluctantly attacked Khwarazm (corresponding to present-day Turkmenistan and
Uzbekistan), which was the first Muslim state to experience the full fury of the Mongol
onslaught. This devastating invasion occurred in retaliation for the murder of a commercial and
political trade delegation composed of Mongols, Chinese, and Muslims, who had sought to gain
peaceful relations between the two peoples. As proof of his appellation "punishment of
God," Genghis Khan unleashed the bloody attacks and merciless devastation on the Islamic
West that has made his name synonymous with barbaric mass slaughter.
The
trail of blood and massacre that followed the crumbling of the Khwarazm empire in 1220 led
westward from Central Asia through Iran to the Caucasus then north into the plains of Russia.
The chronicles have told us that 1,600,000 or possibly as many as 2,400,000 were put to the
sword in Herat (a city in present-day western Afghanistan), while in Nishapur, the city of Omar
Khayy¡m, 1,747,000 were slaughtered. The two Mongol noyans (generals) Jebe and S¼bedei led an
expedition in pursuit of the fleeing Khwarazmshah (died 1221), demanding submission to,
assistance with and human shields from all they encountered for the resolutely and ruthlessly
advancing Mongol armies that brought slavery, destruction and death. Outside every town they
reached, the Mongols would deliver a chilling message: "Submit! And if ye do otherwise,
what know we? God knoweth" (Juwayni, 1916, p. 26).
This epic Mongol
cavalry mission--the Mongols were excellent horsemen bred from childhood to ride and hunt on the
small, light, fast horses of the steppes--was perhaps the greatest reconnaissance effort to
gather strategic information of all time. It included intelligence gathering about the region,
the enemy and the local geographical features, which led to the informed conquest, defeat and
massacre of all lands neighboring the Caspian Sea and beyond. Noyans Jebe and S¼bedei's
expedition of pursuit, terror, and reconnaissance represents the Mongols at their destructive
peak; thereafter their armies were both the invincible wrath of God and the emissaries of the
biblical Gog and Magog (Revelations 20), a notoriety the Mongols wore like a khil
Eat (a robe of honor).
Khorasan in particular suffered grievously
for the sins of its deluded leader, the Khwarazmshah. Although the massacres and ensuing
destruction were widespread, there was compassion and method in the Mongols' march to power.
Artisans and craftsmen, with their families, were often spared the Great Khan's fury. Separated
from their less fortunate fellow citizens, they were transported east to practice their crafts
in other parts of the empire. While it is said that in Khwarazm (Kiva) in 1221, each of the
50,000 Mongol troops was assigned the task of slaughtering 24 Muslims before being able to loot
and pillage, it is reported that Genghis Khan personally implored the famed Sufi master and
founder of the Kubrawiya order, Najm al-Din Kubra, to accept safe passage out of the condemned
city of Khorasan. The master refused to flee, but allowed his disciples to go. Even at this
early stage, the "barbarian" Tatars demonstrated a respect for and knowledge of
scholars and learning (although previously they had been a Turco-Mongol tribe rivaling Genghis,
the Tatars came to be a generic term for the Genghisids in Europe and western Asia; Tartarus in
Greek mythology was Hades or Hell).
The World Ruler
Although Genghis died in 1227, unlike other steppe empires,
his survived through his progeny who succeeded in maintaining and extending his power and
territories. Genghis Khan rode out of the steppe as a nomadic ruler intent on expanding his
power by keeping his cultural promises to his followers and, combining traditional steppe
practices with dexterous political and military skill, he became unstoppable. Cities were razed,
walls were demolished, the qanat system of underground irrigation was damaged physically and,
perhaps more serious, allowed to fall into disrepair through neglect. Nonetheless, Genghis was
astute enough to recognize that continued destruction would be counterproductive and eventually
destructive to the source of the Mongol wealth. He had wreaked havoc and horror on an
unprecedented scale, but it was only as long as he could deliver the prosperity to his followers
that he and his progeny would reign unchallenged.
Genghis was a man of
vision. The spread of terror had been in the tradition of the conflict between the nomadic
steppe and the settled agrarian towns. Although the steppe had won, Genghis knew that its future
depended on the sown (the agrarian). The portable felt tents of his childhood had been
transformed into the lavish silk and pavilions of his kingdom. The ragged nomadic tribal camps
of old had been replaced by mobile cities of wealth, splendor, and sophistication. The infamy he
now enjoyed served as his security. In fact, the death tolls recorded and descriptions of the
desolation his armies had caused are now considered to be beyond credibility. The province of
Herat, neither the city, could not have sustained a population of two million, and the logistics
involved in actually murdering this number of people within a matter of days are inconceivable.
The already mentioned chronicler ibn al-Athir did much to perpetuate the mythology of the Mongol
rule of terror. He recounts that so great was people's fear that a single Mongol could leisurely
slaughter a whole queue of quaking villagers too afraid to resist, or that a docile victim would
quietly wait, head outstretched, while his executioner fetched a forgotten sword (Browne, 1997,
p. 430).
Successors
Before
his death Genghis Khan had appointed his second son ¶dei as his successor and divided his
empire among the others. By 1241 Batu, his grandson, had overrun the principalities of Russia,
subdued eastern Europe, and reached the coastline of Croatia. The year 1258 witnessed the fall
of Baghdad and another grandson, H¼leg¼, was firmly established in western Asia. Qubilai QaDan
was able to proclaim himself not only Great Khan (QaDan means "Khan of Khans"), but
also in 1279 the emperor of a united China. War and conquest had continued, but the nature of
the conquerors and rulers had changed.
Qubilai QaDan is quoted in
contemporary Chinese sources as declaring that "having seized the body, hold the soul, if
you hold the soul, where could the body go?" to explain his support and cultivation of
Tibetan Buddhism (Bira, 1999, p. 242). The new generation of Mongols were essentially settled
nomads, living in semipermanent urban camps, educated, sophisticated, and appreciative of life's
fineries and luxuries. Qubilai QaDan has been described as "the greatest cosmopolitan ruler
that has ever been known in history" (Bira, 1999, p. 241). His brother H¼leg¼ and the
Ilkhans in Iran received other praises for their rule: justice, farsightedness, and
statesmanship.
Once in power, the Mongol princes sought to rule their
subjects with justice and tolerance, and for the prosperity of all. Their contemporaries
differentiated between the "barbarian" nomads of the past and their ruling masters now
residing in fabulous imperial courts. The remains of the ragged Khwarazmshah's army, led by the
bandit king Jalal al-Din Mangkaburti, now inspired far more fear and loathing than the
disciplined Mongol troops. The Mongols had never targeted specific groups for persecution on
religious, nationalistic, or ethnic grounds. When Baghdad was attacked, it was with the advice
of Muslim advisers such as Nasir al-Din Tusi while supporting Muslim armies were led by Muslim
rulers. Co-option was the desired result of the threat of attack or of conquest. Top
administrators in all parts of the empire were Mongol, Chinese, Persian, Uighur, Armenian,
European, or Turkish. Loyalty and ability were prized above ethnicity or religion. A center of
learning was established around 1260 in Iran's first Mongol capital, Maragheh. It attracted
scholars from around the world who flocked, in particular, to see the observatory built for the
court favorite, Tusi. The Syriac cleric Bar Hebraeus used the libraries, stocked from the ruins
of Baghdad, Alamut, and other conquered cultural centers, to research his own acclaimed studies
and historical accounts.
Most of what is now known of the Mongols comes from
non-Mongol sources, among them Persian, Arabic, Armenian, European, and Chinese observers and
commentators, who betrayed a degree of anti-Mongol bias, even from loyal proponents and
servants, such as the Persian Muslim Juvaini (died 1282), who expresses a sense of disdain and
condescension for these new rulers, the Mongols. It thus seems that the Mongols may have become
victims of their own propaganda. The impact of their conquest was of such might that their
achievements have been drowned till now in a sea of blood.
Sources: "Mongol Conquests." Genocide and Crimes
Against Humanity. Ed. Dinah L. Shelton. Vol. 2. Gale Cengage, 2005.
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Tuesday, May 10, 2016
Do you think "The Fish" by Elizabeth Bishop has anything to say about the way people relate to the natural world?
In
"," the narrator describes a "tremendous fish," old and weathered, that is
caught and held out of the water. The narrator, being a creature of land, has enough
understanding of the fish to describe its skin, its gills, the barnacles and parasites clinging
to it, and to think of its "white flesh" packed in its compact frame "like
feathers." Then the narrator notices the fish's most important feature:
...and then I saw
that from his lower lip
-- if
you could call it a lip --
grim, wet, and weaponlike,
hung five old pieces of
fish-line,
or four and a wire leader
with the swivel still
attached,
with all their five big hooks
grown firmly in his
mouth.
(Bishop, "The Fish," poets.org)
To the fish, these hooks are a mark of escape from predation; to the narrator, the
hooks are a symbol of triumph over adversity, of victory over a much more powerful and
intelligent force. Through its sheer will, the fish has survived being hooked so many times;
that the narrator has caught it now speaks less for her own prowess than to the fish's age and
the eventual entropy of all things. Man and fish live in equilibrium but not harmony, as fish
are weaker and unable to reason; the narrator admires the fish -- and through the fish, all of
nature -- for its natural will to survive, and the slight pains that teach it how to live
without being killed by man. Because of this, the narrator finds herself thinking on the
man-made boat, with its gasoline and engine "until everything was rainbow" (the
characteristic sheen of gas on water) and about how she, and all mankind, cannot survive in the
natural world without artificial constructions.
What is a good theme for The Hunger Games?
Media
control and manipulation certainly feature as themes, particularly as correlated with the
government's use of same as a form of repression. I am not sure thatmounts the same
intellectually compelling argument against government control as in novels like 1984 but the
story is a good read for a YA audience and will certainly have people questioning things like
reality/competitive TV (Big Brother, ... Got Talent, the Idol shows) and the cult of celebrity.
I liked the parts in District 1 before the Games began about the machinations of stylists and TV
hosts.
The parallels with ancient Rome are interesting; the 'circus' as
diversion for the masses compares with 'the hunger games', the triumphant progress of games
victors after the event matches with Rome's triumphs for her generals. And Collins even
sprinkles a number of Roman names through district one.
How did the politics of Andrew Jackson, Manifest Destiny, and Westward Expansion impact the Cherokee, Mexican, and Chinese populations? What societal...
Andrew
Jackson had his greatest impact on the Cherokee population, pushing them and other southeastern
tribes off their land with his Indian Removal Act. The Indian Removal Act was a key part of
Jackson's legacy, as it gave land to his Western constituents and directly led to the Trail of
Tears, on which thousands of Cherokee died.
While Jackson did not annex the
Republic of Texas, he did not discourage Americans from moving to Texas as guests of Mexico, but
he later supported their freedom from Mexican laws. As a retired politician, Jackson would go on
to suggest to one of his proteges, President James Polk, that it was in the United States' best
interest to annex the young republic.
Under the doctrine of Manifest
Destiny, Americans believed that it was their God-given right to spread their culture and
governance over the entire continent. This notion became popular in the early 1840s, after
Jackson had finished his presidency. One of the major events tied to Manifest Destiny was
the...
Please give examples that support the following statement about imperialism in Africa. I Need Exaples For This! Similarly, in Africa, one could say...
I assume
that what you are saying is that you need examples of how only a few countries in Africa are
doing at all well. If so, I would turn to the CIA's World
Factbook.
According to Guns, Germs, and Steel, why were "founder crops" important in the Fertile Crescent?
Founder
crops are crops that become the basis of agriculture in a given region. They are the first
crops to be domesticated. This allows agriculture to begin and, eventually, to diversify to
where crops other than the founder crops are domesticated.
Founder crops were
important in the Fertile Crescent because they allowed that region to get agriculture before any
other region of the world. Because the Fertile Crescent got agriculture first, it also
developed civilization first. This allowed Eurasian civilizations to become more powerful than
those of any other region of the world.
The founder crops in the Fertile
Crescent were particularly plentiful and particularly well-adapted to human use. On p. 139 in
the paperback edition of the book, Diamond tells us that the majority of wild grasses with the
largest seeds were native to the Fertile Crescent or nearby regions. What this meant is that
people who lived in that area had a large number of plant species to pick from when they started
to move towards farming.
Thus, the founder crops of the Fertile Crescent were
important because they were plentiful and useful to humans, thus giving people in that region a
head start towards civilization.
What role does the feud between the families play in this tragedy?
The feud
between the families is introduced at the very beginning of the play. In the opening , we are
told of "two households, both alike in dignity . . . From ancient grudge break to new
mutiny." The fact that these are the very first words of the play indicates that this feud
will be central to the story that unfolds and also that the feud is the cause of the events that
follow. To compound this point, act one opens with a "civil brawl" between various
members of the two families.
's love throughout the play is always set
against the background of the feud between...
Monday, May 9, 2016
What happens at the end of the story "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge"?
Throughout the short story, Peyton Farquhar
is waiting to be hanged by the Union soldiers stationed at Owl Creek bridge. While Peyton is
getting ready to die, he reflects on his life and dreams about escaping.presents Farquhar's
dreams of escaping to be reality and the reader believes that Peyton has amazingly found a way
to escape his fate. In Peyton's daydream, he falls through the bridge, loses consciousness, and
is able to avoid being shot as he swims to freedom. However, Bierce ends the story with a twist.
In one short, declarative statement, he writes,
"Peyton Farquhar was dead; his body, with a broken neck, swung gently from side to
side beneath the timbers of the Owl Creek bridge" (6).
It turns out that Peyton Farquhar was simply imagining his escape and ends up being
hanged. Bierce slows down time throughout the story which leads the reader to believe that the
events taking place happen over a longer period of time than they do in Peyton's mind. Peyton
Farquhar's hanging actually happens in minutes and he ends up dying at the end of the
story.
What were some of the differences between the Roman republic and Roman Empire?
The main
difference between the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire is that in the Empire, power was
mostly concentrated in the person of the emperor. This can be contrasted to the more powerful
and influential Senate during the Republic. While the Senate remained but with less influence
during the Empire, the Emperor essentially assumed the roles of consul, censor, and pontifex
maximus.
One might naturally think that the citizenry had more political
power during the Republic than during the Empire. This is however not necessarily the case. Most
Romans were either slaves, freedmen, or women, all of whom had no political power in ancient
Rome during either period. In fact, during certain periods of the Empire, the government did
more to support the average Roman than during most of the Republic. The political system during
the Republic mostly enfranchised the relatively small circle of patrician males in Rome, but few
others. Later on, there were certain Emperors, such as Marcus...
In 1984, in which scenes is the political satire most apparent?
ecofan74
Politicalpermeates 's . From virtually the first page of the
novel,makes conscious references to the political realities of World War II and the period
immediately following its conclusion. In the opening chapters, , theand most apparent narrator
of the novel, outlines the structure and function of the political apparatus at work in
Oceania. In doing so, he references the fact that under the Party, Oceania has undergone a
series of "Three Year Plans" - nine of them to be exact. This references Stalin's
series of three "Five-Year Plans" to accelerate the industrialize the Soviet Union
during the 1930s. This specific reference serves one primary purpose. The fact that Orwell
references these measures - measures that resulted in the deaths of thousands upon thousands of
people - signals to the reader that the Party...
What effect does the veil have on others, and why?
's short story
"" is so named because the action centers around a town's minister suddenly wearing a
black veil over most of his face. This causes quite a commotion in the town, and while he
preaches, the veil causes people to reflect on themselves as sinners. While people feel that the
veil brings the appropriate mood to a funeral he attends, he also wears it to a wedding, and it
makes people feel gloomy and depresses the mood of the whole event. People in the town spend a
lot of time speculating about what the purpose of the veil might be, but the minister himself
never reveals much, calling it a sign of his sorrows and refusing to remove it even at the
request of his fiancee, who eventually leaves him because of it.
Sunday, May 8, 2016
In the second letter from Hernan Cortes to Emperor Charles V, how does Cortes describe Aztec King Montezuma? What is the purpose of the letter?
In this
letter, Cortes portrays Moctezuma as a
powerful, dazzlingly wealthy monarchone who commands
extraordinary wealth. He
describes how Moctezuma greets him flanked by noble attendants who kiss
the
ground before him and how the king made gifts to him of gold and silver. But he
also
recounts a speech that Moctezuma made in which he offers the
conquistador his fealty and
acknowledges that Charles V is their "natural
sovereign." Cortes emphasizes the
efforts he made to convert the people of
Tenochtitlan to Christianity by appealing to the king,
stressing the bloody
human sacrifices they made after successful battles.
In
short, Cortes wants to emphasize the power and majesty of the Aztec monarch at the time
when the
conquistador was staking his claim to the riches of the city. The
letter was written in 1520,
and less than a year after it reached Spain,
Moctezuma was dead, having been killed in a civil
war involving various Aztec
factions as well as many of the surrounding peoples that had long
resented
their rule.
This letter, written from a conquistador to
his
sovereign, is intended to promote Cortes himself, to stake his claim to
sole leadership of
Mexico, and to make him accountable to nobody but the
Spanish king.
href="https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/mod/1520cortes.asp">https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/mod/1520cortes.asp
href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-and-learning/teaching-resources-for-historians/teaching-and-learning-in-the-digital-age/the-history-of-the-americas/the-conquest-of-mexico/letters-from-hernan-cortes">https://www.historians.org/teaching-and-learning/teaching...
href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/aztec-capital-falls-to-cortes">https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/aztec-capital...
Why is Faith afraid at the beginning of Young Goodman Brown?I know she doesn't want him to leave because they have only been married for a short while,...
's
wife, Faith, has two very good reasons to fear her husband's absence during the night.
The couple are, as far as we know, good Puritans, even though Goodman Brown is about to
take a walk on the wild side and explore the dark side of the Puritan belief system. One of the
tenets of Puritanism is that Satan can and does appear in physical form in order to tempt the
righteous into sin. After all, the 1692 witch hysteria in Salem, Massachusetts, which culminated
in the execution of nineteen women and one man in 1693, was based largely on what is called
"spectral evidence"that is, the theory spirits of living people who have become
witches can cause harm to other villagers and livestock while their physical bodies go about
their normal life. More importantly, Puritans also believe that Satan can attack them in dreams
while they are sleeping, because their religious defenses are weakened during sleep.
When Faith implores Goodman Brown to postpone his walk in the forest until daylight,
she is responding to two fears. First, as any villager in seventeenth-century Massachusetts
would know, the forest is a very dangerous place, especially at night, because of Indians. Many
villages, even through the eighteenth century, were palisaded against potential Indian attacks,
and attacks on Puritan settlements occurred on a regular basis. Faith's plea is partially based
on her fear that Goodman Brown will become a victim of violence. Second, she understands her own
jeopardy if left alone:
pr'ythee, put off your journey
until sunrise, and sleep in your own bed to-night. A lone woman is troubled with such dreams and
such thoughts, that she's afeard of herself, sometimes. Pray, tarry with me this night, dear
husband, of all nights in the year!
Faith is articulating
her dread of being left alone at night because she knows she is susceptible to an attack by
Satan in the form of a dream that could turn her away from her Puritan belief system. Her danger
may also be enhanced because, as she alludes to "of all nights in the year," this
night might be All Hallow's Eve, a night when Satan has additional power to tempt a young
Puritan woman who is alone.
Although Edwards conveys an argument, his sermon is persuasive. How is it persuasive? Is it effective? How do you define a persuasive text?
His text is
persuasive because he uses graphicto describe what happens to sinners who do not accept God's
plan of salvation: the eternal judgment of Hell. Edwards's sermon focuses on the purity of God
and the loathsomeness of mankind's condition. He spends a great deal of time demonstrating that
life is fragile and that God is the only one keeping man from eternal torment. Edwards does this
in order to provide a sense of immediacy to one's decision to accept Christ's plan of salvation
and to turn away from sin.
Given the historical record, the sermon was very
effective. People were in hysterics at the time of the sermon's presentation, and many made a
decision to accept salvation. Edwards did not focus on the reward of Heaven so much as he did
man's unworthiness of God's grace and the eternal torment that awaited him if he did not accept
salvation. People were willing to do anything to get out of Edwards's version of Hell.
While everyone's view of what makes a good persuasive text varies, I will provide the
components that I think one needs in order to persuade someone. First, one needs to demonstrate
a problem and move people to action. In Edwards's case, he was demonstrating that mankind was
bound for Hell, and he used imagery to show the dangers that awaited the soul without the
benefit of salvation. Next, a persuasive text must give a plan of action in order to remedy the
problem. For Edwards's turning away from sin and accepting Christ's plan of salvation was the
solution. Finally, one must demonstrate the benefits of adopting the plan. Edwards did not spend
time on the eternal reward so much as he did the damnation part, but he scared people into
turning their lives around for Christ which was the purpose of his sermon.
Saturday, May 7, 2016
What are some examples of arguments with fallacies from April 2019 (the most updated ones)?
A fallacy
is a mistake in logic rather than fact. Thus, for example, consider the following argument:
"All poodles are purple. Spot is a poodle. Therefore Spot is purple." Although this
argument is based on a false assumption (poodles are not purple), it is not fallacious; in fact,
it is logically correct.
One of the most common fallacies used in political
argument is the fallacy of the ad hominem argument. This means the
"argument from the person." Rather than criticizing an opponents ideas, users of this
fallacy simply insult the person as an individual. President Trump's response to the Mueller
report, which often included hurling the term "witch hunt" at people investigating him
rather than responding to specific charges is an example of the ad hominem
argument.
The argument from authority is also a form of switching the
criterion of truth from abstract judgments of the value of a statement to the person, namely
asserting that something must be the case or must be done a certain way...
Why Does Scrooge Not Like Christmas
Scrooge does not like Christmas
because he has many negative memories associated with it.
When
Scrooge is talking to Fred and the men collecting for charity,
he tells them all kinds of
reasons why he hates Christmas. It costs him
money because his employees get a day off. Idle
people expect to be taken
care of. Christmas is expensive. Scrooge scolds Fred on celebrating
Christmas.
Merry Christmas! Out upon merry
Christmas!
What's Christmas time to you but a time for paying bills without
money; a time for finding
yourself a year older, but not an hour richer; a
time for balancing your books and having every
item in em through a round
dozen of months presented dead against you? (Stave One)
These all seem like good reasons to hate Christmas for a
man like
him. They are logical and support everything we know about
Scrooge. However, when the ghosts
visit, we start to see the real reason
Scrooge hates Christmas. He has had to deal with many
negative memories on
and near the day.
First of all, we learn that Scrooge
was
left alone at school during Christmas as a child. After his mother died, it was only
his
father and sister. His father just left him at his boarding school
instead of bringing him home
for the holidays like all of the other kids. As
a result, Scrooge alone spent the holidays
miserably wishing he had company
other than books. Something like that would definitely make a
person hate
Christmas.
It gets worse though. After a relatively happy
period
where his father brought him home and apprenticed him to the cheerful
Mr. Fezziwig, Scrooge
received another blow right at Christmastime. His
fianc© Belle dumped him.
You maythe
memory of what is past half makes me hope you will have
pain in this. A very,
very brief time, and you will dismiss the recollection of it, gladly, as
an
unprofitable dream, from which it happened well that you awoke. May you be happy in the
life
you have chosen! (Stave One)
She
dumped him at
Christmastime, and ever since he has been alone. That is
another reason to hate Christmas.
Scrooge may have been more focused on
money than her, but you can tell from his reaction to
seeing Belle dumping
him that she really hurt him.
It does not end there.
The
last terrible thing that happens to Scrooge on Christmas Eve is his partner and only
friend
Jacob Marley dying. Although we know from the vision of Belle that
Scrooge did not even sit
with his friend as he was dying, we can tell from
his reaction to seeing and talking to Jacobs
ghost that he really cared about
his partner. Jacob was pretty much all he had. Jacob dying on
Christmas Eve
was just another in a long line of terrible things that happened to Scrooge
at
Christmas time.
Yes, there are plenty of unemotional
reasons why Scrooge
hates Christmas. It costs money to celebrate it and no
one is working. However, the truth
behind Scrooges dislike of the holiday
comes from all of thehe suffered during the season. It
takes the
intervention of the ghosts to show him that he is actually not alone. Even though
his
beloved sister died, she lives in his nephew. He can become a part of
Bob Cratchits family, as
he was a part of Fezziwigs. The holiday that was so
terrible for him in the past can become a
part of his future.
Thursday, May 5, 2016
How is the national debt affected by a government budget surplus? Why isn't this always a feasible solution to reducing the national debt?
A budget
surplus occurs when the government saves more than it spends. During a budget surplus, the
government will increase taxes because they want more revenue. A budget surplus helps to reduce
the national debt.
The government borrows because it doesnt have enough money
to fund its expenses. This scenario is also known as a budget deficit. The borrowed funds are
charged an annual interest rate, which the government must repay after the grace period is over.
A budget surplus is good for the economy, especially if it is doing well. The government can use
that surplus to clear part of the national debt.
However, the use of a budget
surplus to clear national debt is not encouraged. At the moment, the national debt stands at
$22.5 trillion. To create a budget surplus, the government has to decrease spending and increase
taxes. $22.5 trillion is a lot of taxes.
This strategy can harm citizens.
Taxes reduce the amount of disposable income in the economy. That means that people will spend
less on consumer goods because they have less money. Factories will have to cut down on
production because their goods are not moving. As a result, the total output will go down, and
the economy will suffer.
I need help writing a thesis for an essay about Macbeth. Is Lady Macbeth responsible for Macbeth's downfall? I agree with the statement. I am currently...
Thesis
1:
Although the
thought of murdering Kingcrossed 's mind, Lady 's persuasion
skills are
ultimately responsible for Macbeth's decision to follow through with the
murder.
Thesis 2:
Without 's persuasion skills,
Macbeth
would have been too cowardly to follow through with King Duncan's
murder.
Thesis 3:
Using shrewd
manipulation and control, Lady Macbeth is the
one ultimately responsible for
convincing Macbeth to murder King Duncan.
Macbeth had
indeed changed his mind about murdering King Duncan. In Act 1, Scene 7,
Macbeth expresses his decision to proceed no further in the business of murdering
King
Duncan:
We will proceed no further
in this
business.
He has recently honored me, and I now have
the
Golden opinions from
all sorts of people,
Which I
want to enjoy for a bit longer, and
Not cast them
aside so
soon.
Clearly, Macbeth has changed his mind.
He
is matter-of-fact in his decision to proceed no further in the murdering
of King Duncan. Then,
Lady Macbeth begins her manipulation. She begins to
insult Macbeth's manhood:
Are you
afraid
To be the same man in reality
As
the one you
wish to be? Would you have the crown
Which you believe to be the
ornament
of life,
And yet live like a coward in your own
self-esteem,
Lady Macbeth continues to
manipulate Macbeth. She finally convinces
him to follow through with the
murder. In Act 1, Scene 7, he finally agrees to murder King
Duncan:
Im convinced, and I commit
Every part
of
my body to this terrible event.
No
doubt, Lady Macbeth is
shrewd. She uses her gift of persuasion to convince
Macbeth to murder King
Duncan.
Wednesday, May 4, 2016
Why is it important for Human Resource Management to transform from being primarily administrative and operational to becoming a more strategic...
I think
that Human Resource management has to transform to being a more strategic contributor to
business success because the demands of the workplace are rapidly changing.
In any field, it is difficult to see where the particular field is going to be ten
years or even five years from now. The demands of the workplace, the increasing technological
drive of the domain, as well as the fluid and dynamic nature of the globalized workforce and
work setting are all elements that are rapidly changing what work people do and how they will be
assessed in accordance to it.
can be a vital asset to help with such
changes. The days of presuming that the skills and ideas that someone has when they enter a
particular job are going to not change over the course of their tenure with the organization are
fading fast.
There is change that every individual entering an organization
must address. Human Resource Management can be a part of strategically enhancing individuals'
skills as applied to the organization's success. Consider a definition of Human Resource
Management that speaks to this strategic purpose:
Human
resource management is responsible for how people are treated in organizations. It is
responsible for bringing people into the organization, helping them perform their work,
compensating them for their labors, and solving problems that arise" (Cherrington, 1995, p.
5).
Cherrington's definition reveals the importance of
Human Resource Management as it must pivot from being more administrative into being a strategic
contributor to an organization's success. In ensuring that the people brought into an
organization and the help given to them in performing their work, Human Resource Management can
be a more strategic contributor to an organization's success.
How does the Stage Manager detail the passing of time and the order of the life events that come with that in Our Town by Thornton Wilder?
carol-davis
byfocuses on the precious moments that occur in peoples lives.
This play on the everyday occurrences that all people experience won the Pulitzer Prize for
Wilder. In addition, the work was considered highly experimental in its time. There was little
scenery used; no property allowed for the actors; and the main character was a stage manager who
spoke directly to the audience.
The Stage Manager controls the action of the
play. In the first act, the action is called Daily Life. The Manager introduces the town, the
purpose of the play, and the characters that the audience will follow in the play.
The second act would be called Love and Marriage." The Stage Manager tells the
audience that three years have gone by. The structure of this act is based on what has happened
with the last thousand days.
The change of the seasons [summer
and...
- ]]>
Tuesday, May 3, 2016
Can Nature be one of the themes in "The Fish" by Elizabeth Bishop?
According to
critic Lloyd Schwarty Bishop is frimly in the ut pictura poesis tradition.
That is, the use of Nature is like art, as in a painting or in a poem; nature, like art speaks
to the viewer or reader. wants the readers of her poem "" to read the world around
them.
Thus, in Bishop's poem, the speaker, who at first is merely fishing and
catches the "battered and venerable" large fish, examines this creature of nature,
noticing the various patterns and colors he possesses, much like a work of art:
Here and there
his brown skin hung in
stripslike ancient wallpaper....He was speckled with barnacles,
fine rosettes of lime,
and infested
with tiny
white sea-lice,and underneath two or three
rags of green
weed hung down.
And, as the speaker examines the
"tremendous fish," she is filled with sympathy and awe at the majesty and bravado of
the creature who has overcome several attempts at capturing him as she looks at the five pieces
of wire and line "Like medals with their ribbons." Furthermore, as she "stared
and stared," everything becomes "rainbow, rainbow, rainbow!" and she releases the
fish to the lake. This rainbow represents the victory of not only the fish, but of the speaker,
as well. For, she has read the world of nature and learned to appreciate its beauty
and sympathize with it. Clearly, Elizabeth Bishop's poem is verse that is truly beautiful,
deeply sympathetic to nature.
How is the violin that Juliek plays symbolic?
Juliek
is a Polish prisoner and violinist, who
befriends Elie in the concentration camp and laments
that the Nazis prohibit
him from playing Beethoven. In chapter six, the Jewish prisoners arrive
at
the Gleiwitz camp after marching through the treacherous snow all night and crowd into
a
packed barrack, which is full of dead bodies. During the frightening
experience, Elie hears
Juliek among the crowd as he expresses his concerns
that his delicate violin will break from the
weight of the prisoners. Elie
then loses consciousness, and when he awakes, he hears Juliek
playing
Beethoven in the dark barrack among the dead bodies. Elie writes,
"He was playing a fragment of a Beethoven concerto.
Never
before had I heard such a beautiful sound...All I could hear was the
violin, and it was as if
Juliek's soul had become his bow. He was playing his
life. His whole being was gliding over the
strings. His unfulfilled hopes.
His charred past, his extinguished future. He played that which
he would
never play again" (Wiesel, 120).
After
examining the significance of Juliek's violin, one could argue that the delicate
instrument
symbolically represents civility, the indomitable human spirit,
and the beauty of art, which
will not be suppressed. In the middle of a
horrific, dreadful environment, Juliek's violin
brings peace to the chaotic,
miserable . When Juliek plays his violin, it is an expression of
his soul,
which has not been destroyed by the Holocaust. The fact that Juliek can make
beautiful
music during such a trying time reveals the indomitable human
spirit and the fact that the arts
will never be fully censored or suppressed.
Describe the dream which Robinson had during his illness.
In the
story, Robinson suffered from a terrible attack of the ague. The text tells us that he could not
eat or drink during his sickest moments.
On the evening of June 27th,
Robinson had a frightening dream. In his dream, Robinson believed himself to be sitting on the
ground. As he looked up, he saw a man descend in a huge dark cloud. The man was clothed in a
shining flame.
Robinson tells us that the man's face and figure were so
bright that he could barely look at him. Most terrifying of all, the man's face showed an
extremely severe expression. Robinson remembers being deathly afraid after the man's footsteps
caused the earth to tremble.
He reports seeing the fearful figure approach
him with a spear or weapon. For his part, Robinson believes that his formidable dream enemy had
intended to kill him. The man had raised his spear and declared that Robinson should die, due to
the fact that he had failed to repent of his sins.
Robinson admits that his
dream frightened him. He became remorseful that he never once considered the state of his soul
throughout the years of his adult life. As he lay in the throes of his terrible illness,
Robinson began to regret his rejection of God and his estrangement from the parents who had
begged him to reconsider his path in life.
Monday, May 2, 2016
Discuss the characters in The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho.
In my
opinion, the major characters in 's are Santiago (the boy), the King of
Salem, the Englishman, the crystal merchant, the alchemist, and Fatima.
Santiago is a young man who decides to become a shepherd so that he may travel and not
be tied in one place. On his "life journey," he learns from the King of Salem
(Melchizedek) that he has a Personal Legend the reality of his life's dream if he will only
believe in it enough to pursue it and thus realize it.
The journey is not an
easy one, as is the case with life, and there are moments when Santiago is ready to quit and
once again become a shepherd. During one such time, Santiago takes a job with a crystal
merchant, working for him for eleven months to make money to buy more sheep. He helps the
merchant greatly improve his business, and over time, they become close. It is from the merchant
that Santiago further learns the importance of pursuing one's Personal Legend. The merchant also
once had such a dream, but he allowed himself to be diverted from his purpose. Now,
well-established with his business and much older, he is no longer able to pursue his dream to
travel to Mecca, and he has regrets. Eventually Santiago does leave, but
not to buy sheephe decides to continue his quest.
While traveling by caravan
across the desert to find the alchemist, Santiago meets the Englishman, who also wishes to find
the same man. The Englishman has a dream to learn to change common metals into gold (called
"alchemy"). He believes that he can learn most of what he needs from books and he
tries to convince Santiago that his truth is Santiago's truth: that
Santiago must read. Santiago tells the Englishman to listen to the sounds of the desert to hear
the universal language that all parts of the world speak to each other. In time, both men
realize that they cannot live the other's dream, or walk his path. Whereas Santiago is following
a path that will not only help him reach his dream but find true happiness in life, the
Englishman can only see the draw of the gold, and he will never achieve his Personal
Legend.
At the oasis, Santiago meets Fatima, who lives there. He immediately
falls in love, realizing that should he die at that moment, it would all have been worth it, for
love brings him true happiness€¦and Fatima feels the same about
Santiago.
The alchemist is the last major character that Santiago meets. The
alchemist is very knowledgeable, speaking not only the Universal Language, but knowing, too, how
to become one with the Soul of the World (which you are closest to "when you want something
with all your heart"). He knows that for Santiago to realize his Personal Legend, "you
must do the things you think you cannot do:" he must turn himself into the wind. A
seemingly impossible task, Santiago is driven by his will to survive the threat of the soldiers
at the military camp where he and the alchemist have been taken prisoner. He succeeds, but
realizes that even though he may acquire wealth, that which he values the
most is his love for Fatima.
Santiago tells the sun,
"Love is the force that transforms and improves€¦" This is what love does for
Santiago€¦and he fulfills his Personal Legend.
How does Mattie change throughout Fever 1793?
Matilda
Cook (Mattie) is theof ,
a young adult historical novel by Laura Halse
Anderson that takes
place in Philadephia during a yellow fever outbreak that killed ten percent
of the city's population.
Mattie is an adolescent who is transformed
and
matures throughout the course of the story, a process accelerated by the
challenges she faces
during the epidemic.
Mattie,
her...
What is the social contract for Rousseau?
To Rousseau,
the social contract is an agreement between all the people of a society in which they agree to
completely submerge their individual wills and obey the collective will of the people.
Rousseau believed that the average person does not always really understand what is in
their best interest. Therefore, they will not necessarily govern themselves wisely. This means
that they need to allow themselves to be governed by the common will, which is much less likely
to make mistakes. Rousseau believes that the social contract consists of putting all of ones
liberties and ones powers into the collective. One then gets back exactly what everyone else
gets back. This is a more communitarian vision in which people allow themselves to be ruled
(even if they do not think at the time that this is best) by the will of the society as a
whole.
How does Lady Macbeth show strong emotions throughout the play in Macbeth?
Ladyis definitely very
interested in having her husband be king. Once he begins his homicidal spree, she has strong
feelings of guilt.
Ladybecomes very excited when she hears
that Macbeth has been prophesized to be king. She is ambitious, and wants him to have the
biggest office.
Make thick my blood,
Stop up the access and passage to remorse,(45)
That no compunctious
visitings of natureShake my fell purpose nor keep peace between
The effect and it! (Act 1, Scene 5, p. 20)
is
interested in Macbeth coming into power at all costs. When he falters, she pushes him. She
calls him a coward and tells him she has a plan, he just needs to follow it.
But screw your courage to the sticking-place,
And
we'll not fail. (Act 1, Scene 5, p. 24)
Once Macbeth
kills , she is still calling the shots. She scolds him for not putting the daggers by the
victims. She insists that he play it up, and sound sincere. They both do an excellent job
acting surprised.
When Macbeth does not stop at killing Duncan, Lady Macbeth
is annoyed. She tries to stop the ball she started rolling, but Macbeth is no longer under her
influence. She becomes more and more guilt-ridden, until she has a mental break.
What need we fear who knows it,
when none can
call our power to account? Yet who wouldhave thought the old man to have had
so much blood in(35)him? (Act 5, Scene 1)
She eventually succumbs to grief and kills herself.
Explain why John Mills philosophy of utilitarianism does not make the world a better place.
We can argue
that John Stuart Mills idea of utilitarianism would not make the world a better place because it
would encourage behavior that is both immoral and unfair to some people.
Mills philosophy of utilitarianism is a consequentialist view of what people should do. That
means that it bases its notions of right and wrong on the results of peoples actions, not on
their motives or on how well they conform to moral...
Sunday, May 1, 2016
How does Edwards's sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God" reflect Puritan religious beliefs?
had
been steeped in the Calvinist theology of the Puritans from an early age. As time went on,
however, it became clear to him, as for many brought up in the same tradition, that something of
the original spirit of Puritanism had been lost.
Like most denominations,
Calvinism had become ossified into a system of formal observances, to which many adherents paid
lip-service without feeling any kind of emotional attachment to their creed. Belief had become a
matter for the head, not for the heart. What preachers such as Edwards sought to do, then, was
to urge people to look inside...
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