Founder
    crops are crops that become the basis of agriculture in a given region.  They are the first
    crops to be domesticated.  This allows agriculture to begin and, eventually, to diversify to
    where crops other than the founder crops are domesticated.
Founder crops were
    important in the Fertile Crescent because they allowed that region to get agriculture before any
    other region of the world.  Because the Fertile Crescent got agriculture first, it also
    developed civilization first.  This allowed Eurasian civilizations to become more powerful than
    those of any other region of the world.
The founder crops in the Fertile
    Crescent were particularly plentiful and particularly well-adapted to human use.  On p. 139 in
    the paperback edition of the book, Diamond tells us that the majority of wild grasses with the
    largest seeds were native to the Fertile Crescent or nearby regions.  What this meant is that
    people who lived in that area had a large number of plant species to pick from when they started
    to move towards farming.
Thus, the founder crops of the Fertile Crescent were
    important because they were plentiful and useful to humans, thus giving people in that region a
    head start towards civilization.
 
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