Thursday, July 13, 2017

In The Odyssey, what internal conflict does Odysseus face in the Land of the Dead?

The visit of Odysseus to
the Land of the Dead occurs in Book 11. It is of course important to realise that Odysseus
confronts not only family members who have died, but also old friends and comrades-in-arms.
Therefore, although the text does not explicitly indicate internal conflict, we can pick up that
being confronted with family members such as his mother causes Odysseus considerable grief and
mental hardship. Consider what Odysseus says about how he tried to embrace his mother after
seeing her but was unable to:

Then I tried to find some
way of embracing my mother's ghost. Thrice I sprang towards her and tried to clasp her in my
arms, but each time she flitted from my embrace as it were a dream or phantom, and being touched
to the quick I said to her, 'Mother, why do you not stay still when I would embrace you? If we
could throw our arms around one another we might find sad comfort in the sharing of our sorrows
even in the house of Hades; does Proserpine want to lay a still further load of grief upon me by
mocking me with a phantom only?

Odysseus is clearly
struggling with his sense of loss and grief and also he is finding it difficult to accept the
finality of death. The phrase "sharing our sorrows" indicates that Odysseus, now that
he is face to face with his mother, is able to express his true feelings of loss and desolation
that he had been unable to before. However, because of the nature of death, he is unable to find
physical comfort through seeing his mother. The internal conflict experienced by Odysseus is
therefore best described as him trying to come to terms with the hardship that he has
experienced and also accepting the terrible finality of death.

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