What rights are guaranteed (protected) for US citizens?

The United
States Constitution guarantees
certain rights for all US citizens. Some of these rights were
written in to
the original body of the Constitution, and others within the first ten
amendments
to the Constitution, collectively known as the Bill of Rights. The
first right, enshrined in the
main body of the Constitution, is the notion of
habeas corpus, that courts
cannot hold or imprison
someone without evidence. Additional rights guaranteed in the Bill of
Rights
include:

• First Amendement: Congress will not establish
  an
  religion, but will allow citizens free exercise of religion. This
  amendment also guarantees
  freedom of speech, the right of peacable assembly,
  and the right to petition Congress for
  redress to right wrongs. 


• Security against unreasonable search and
  seizures: The government
  must show probable cause before searching a citizen's property or
  seizing a
  citizen's goods. 
• The fifth through eighth amendments
  guarantee
  right to timely trial by jury and many other rights for defendants
  in trials. Cruel and unusual
  punishments are prohibited.

The fourteenth amendment, passed
after the Civil War,
guarantees all citizens equal protection under the law, and thus prohibits

racial discrimination. It is the basis for many of the legal protections for the
disabled and
also for gender equality.