What is the origin of the creative mind, and what are the channels in the creative process?

For years,
some scientists have believed that creativity manifests itself when humans are confronted with
issues for which they do not have solutions. In other words, the technique by which we discover
answers is the actual creative process; in the words of the old adage: necessity is the mother
of invention. However, new research has some questioning that hypothesis.

Carel van Schaik, a primatologist who studies orangutans, has conducted studies showing
that orangutans in captivity tend to be highly innovative. Van Shaik posits that once the
orangutans have all their needs metfood, water, protection from predatorsthey lose their fear.
This ease of life and free time encourages the orangutans to explore new objects and situations
in ways they would never do in the wild. As van Schaik says: opportunity is the mother of
invention.

Research with humans reveals that this is a pattern with us, too;
if people are busy with the basic business of survival, they dont really have time to think
about much else. But if our elemental needs are met, we have the luxury of time to explore new
ideas. The ways in which individuals channel creativity varies tremendously from person to
person; some people prefer to work alone, while others delight in collaborating with
others.

In any case, Joe Henrich, an evolutionary biologist, suggests that
most innovations are usually not the product of just one person but rather are products of the
collective knowledge of a society. Ways in which we can help channel our creativity include
being in conscious control of our thought processes and striving to limit tension and
distraction in our lives.

href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/where-creativity-comes-from/">https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/where-creativi...

What are examples of indirect and direct characterizations of Scout Finch in Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird?

An author
creates indirect when, instead of telling the reader exactly what
the character is like, the author implies or shows what the character is
like. An author can show a reader what a character is like through the
character's actions, dialogue between other , or even through the character's thoughts. In
, authordefinitely uses far moreto inform her readers of whatis like rather
than .

We see the first example of indirect
characterization of Scout in the very first chapter.
Here, grown-up Scout is narrating for us what her childhood was like. At one point in the
chapter, she particularly describes in detail what Calpurnia, the Finch family cook, was like.
Though she uses direct characterization to describe Calpurnia, she uses indirect
characterization to describe herself when she describes Calpurnia's
attitude toward her when she was a child. Specifically, Scout describes that
Calpurnia was always shooing Scout out of the kitchen and asking, as Scout phrases it, "why
I couldn't behave as well aswhen she knew he was older." She further relays that Calpurnia
was always ordering her home when she didn't yet want to come home, and their "battles were
epic and one-sided."

Through these indirect
descriptions, we actually learn a great deal about
Scout. First, we learn that Scout was very stubborn as a child, and her
stubbornness was, in part, due to still being very young. We also learn that Scout was very
opinionated and even argumentative as a child. Scout is definitely not as mild-mannered as her
older brother Jem.

In contrast to indirect characterization, an author
creates direct characterization by coming right out and describing
to the reader exactly what the character is like. The Literary Devices
dictionary provides us the following example of direct characterization:

Bill was short and fat, and his bald spot was widening with every
passing year. ( href="http://www.literarydevices.com/characterization/">"Characterization")

Though direct characterization is seldom used in describing Scout,
we can keep in mind that even clothing descriptions
count as characterization because what a character wears can say a
great deal about the character. We see Scout as the adult narrator using direct
characterization to describe herself when towards the end of the novel, in ,
Scout describes the ham costume she has been assigned to wear for
the first-ever Maycomb Halloween pageant.

Scout describes that Mrs.
Crenshaw, "the local seamstress," bent chicken wire into the shape of a ham and
covered it with painted brown cloth. But, one of the the most amusing descriptions is found when
Scout as the narrator relays, "Jem said I looked exactly like a ham with
legs."

The description of Scout's costume is actually very
revealing and closely ties in with things we already know about Scout. The term
ham has become anto describe someone who acts
up and is comical in their overacting. Throughout the book, we have certainly seen
Scout act as a ham.

href="http://www.literarydevices.com/characterization/">http://www.literarydevices.com/characterization/

In "The Black Cat" by Edgar Allan Poe, how does the description of the cat as "sagacious" contribute to the meaning of the story?

The
Merriam-Websterdictionary defines "sagacious" this way:

of keen and farsighted penetration and judgment.

The dictionary definition also uses the word "discerning" at some point.
Basically, a sagacious person, or cat, is an organism who could be described as
"wise." He or she is someone who is able to sift through a lot of incoming information
and make an appropriate decision based on that information. This isn't necessarily someone who
is going to win Jeopardy!, but it is someone who would be good to have on a
business/marketing team. In this particular Poe story, the narrator tells readers that the cat
is sagacious. It is a form of direct , because we are explicitly told about a particular
characteristic. If I'm honest, it is an odd way to describe a cat, and the narrator points this
fact out as well. He has no problem saying dogs are sagacious; however, the narrator seems
surprised to find the trait in a feline.

To those who have
cherished an affection for a faithful and sagacious dog, I need hardly be at the trouble of
explaining the nature or the intensity of the gratification thus derivable.

[...]

This latter was a remarkably large and beautiful animal,
entirely black, and sagacious to an astonishing degree.

It's an important bit of characterization because it specifically calls attention to
this cat being special and unique, and readers should begin immediately wondering how this cat
is going to impact the story and/or the narrator. This is especially true if the reader
remembers the story is titled "."

Why does the protagonist in Araby feel "driven and derided by vanity?

In 's short
story "," which appears in his collection , the young narrator is
captivated by the sister of Mangan; he watches the girl from his window and follows her through
the streets, entranced by the idea of her and in the throes of his own sexual awakening. When
the girl finally speaks to him, she inquires if he will be going to Araby, a church-sponsored
fair that will be happening in Dublin.

While the girl can't make it to the
bazaar, the narrator promises to go to it and bring her back a gift. He anxiously awaits the
arrival of the fair, but on the night that he is supposed to go to it, his uncle comes home
late; the boy hurries to the fair with the coin that his uncle has given him, but when he
finally arrives, the fair is closing down.

Witnessing this and overcome with
emotion, the narrator comments that he is a "creature driven and derided by vanity"
and that his "eyes burned with anguish and anger." The narrator feels this way because
he has failed on...

What is Nick like as a narrator ? Is he a reliable story teller ?How does the qualities as character affect his narration ? Is he a reliable story...

At the end
of the third chapter,makes a stunning statement about himself:

Every one suspects himself of at least one of the cardinal virtues, and this is mine: I
am one of the few honest people that I have ever known.

Readers should always see a red flag when a narrator refers to himself or herself as
"honest." This usually indicates the opposite, as truly honest people are acutely
aware that they don't always tell the the truth, as nobody does. In Nick's
case, this statement is especially stunning. It comes immediately after he has described how he
is leading on the "girl" in Chicago thatandthought he was engaged to marry. Nick isn't
attracted to her, remembering the line of sweat that forms on her upper lip after a game of
tennis, but he hasn't quite managed to break off the relationship. He is, in other words, lying
to her. This is especially devious as he is becoming increasingly involved with. So one must
wonder what he is thinking in describing himself as honest...

What is the significance of the six kings in chapter 26?

Two of the
major themes of
are the arbitrary nature of fortune and the universal
nature of
misfortune. Chapter 26 represents perhaps the strongest statement of this theme, as
it
carries these observations across to the most privileged subset of the
eighteenth-century
socio-political order: kings.

In this
chapter, Candide and Martin are dining
with six strangers, all deposed
monarchs, who have come to Venice for the Carnival. We see here
the former
Grand Sultan, who previously deposed his own brother and has now been deposed by
his
nephew. Next, there is Ivan of Russia, who was dethroned as an infant and
raised in a Russian
prison. Then, we meet a...

What type of symbolism is found in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown. Symbolism is always part of Hawthornes works, found in names of...

Hawthorne's
"" is a moralthat serves to illustrate the Puritan doctrine of inherent depravity as
the Brown, the Puritan Everyman, tests his faith by entering the forest primeval by joining the
man "of grave and decent attire" for an evening in the wilderness. Clearly, then, the
symbols are of a religious nature.

NAMES

• 
  Goodman Brown - "Goodman" is the Puritan form of address
  for any man, so Brown becomes in this allegory an Everyman.
• 
  Goody Cloyse - "Goody" is the short form of
  "goodwife"; ironcally, the witch who rides upon a broom and accompanies
  Deacon Gookin (a real-life character) into the forest is given this
  name. She it is, Brown says, that has taught him his catechism. Using these real characters
  lends Hawthorne story more historical reality.
• The Traveler
  -  The old man who accompanies Goodman into the forest resembles Goodman,
  suggesting that evil is pervasive in his...
  
  •