Japanese immigrants
first started arriving in large numbers in the United States in the late 1800s, as people in
Hawaii and the West Coast of the United States wanted a group of low-cost laborers for
agricultural jobs. Over time, the Japanese became subjected to persecutory laws, as the Chinese
had before them. For example, they were restricted to certain occupations and denied citizenship
(see the source below). In addition, they became the targets of unlawful acts, such as attempts
to grab their land.
During World War II, the Japanese and Japanese Americans
on the West Coast (and some, though not all, of the Japanese in Hawaii) were rounded up and
forced into relocation camps in the interior of the United States, including in Arizona,
Colorado, and other areas. They were accused of being spies for Japan and were thought to pose a
danger in case Japan invaded the West Coast. In many cases, their businesses and land were taken
away from them, and entire families were kept in the camps for years, even as some of the men
fought in the US Army. In these camps, the Japanese kept up their cultural traditions; for
example, they maintained traditional Japanese gardens and practiced Japanese religious
ceremonies. Therefore, the Japanese attempted to maintain their culture both because of their
desire to do so and because they were subjected to exclusion and
discrimination.
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