In Flowers for Algernon, how can it be argued that Charlie is better or worse off after surgery?

The mental
illness that defines pre-surgery Charlie allows him to function in society, but it prevents him
from forming meaningful relationships with others. Many people mock him for his illness, while
others are sympathetic but see no reason to form a friendship. After the surgery, Charlie
becomes aware of the stigma of his mental illness, making him angry and bitter about his
treatment.

"The more intelligent you become the more
problems you'll have, Charlie. Your intellectual growth is going to outstrip your emotional
growth."
(Keyes, , Google Books)

However, Charlie's increased intellect also allows him to become
aware of the things he was missing; real love and friendship, and rational understanding of the
world. Had the surgery been permanent, Charlie would have slowly acclimated himself to life and
people, and become a normal member of society. When his mind begins to revert, the one thing
that he mourns the most is the loss of reading and writing; since Charlie records his thoughts,
the inability to perform these tasks hurts him more than losing his friends. However, even when
his mental state has regressed further than before the surgery, Charlie's mind itself has been
expanded; he is aware more than ever of his place in the world, and so is better equipped to
handle situations and people who would take advantage of him. Overall, despite the loss of his
intellect, Charlie is better off after the surgery, even if only a little.

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