What is The Brotherhood in 1984?

In , the Brotherhood is

first mentioned in Part One, Chapter One, and is described as a secret organization
which rebels
against the Party. Its head is Emmanuel Goldstein, the enemy of
the state of Oceania:

He was the
commander of a vast, shadowy army, an underground network
of conspirators
dedicated to the overthrow of the state.

Because of their secretive nature, the very existence of the Brotherhood is
questioned
by . In Part One, Chapter Seven, for instance, he refers to it as
"the legendary
Brotherhood" because he does not understand how its members
can assemble when the watchful
eye of Big Brother seems ever present. In
fact, it is only when Winston goes to 's apartment in
Part Two, Chapter
Eight, that he changes his mind. This is because O'Brien tells him that the

Brotherhood is real and that their activities, like sabotage and blackmail, are designed
to
"cause demoralization" and to "weaken the power of the
Party."

In addition, O'Brien informs Winston that once he
has read 'the book,' he will be a
full member of the Brotherhood. This book,
penned by Emmanuel Goldstein, outlines the corrupt
nature of the Party and
provides the ideological justification for rebellion. O'Brien gives a
copy of
the book to Winston in the next chapter.  

Unfortunately for
Winston,
he has been the victim of a terrible ruse: Emmanuel Goldstein and
the Brotherhood are the false
creations of the Party and the book is, in
fact, written by O'Brien and other Party members. For
his rebellion, Winston
faces imprisonment and torture in the Ministry of Truth, with no hope of
The
Brotherhood, or any fellow rebels, coming to save him.