The
Umayyads and Abbasids were both dynasties that dominated the Islamic World. Both held the title
of Caliph.
The Umayyads emerged earlier than the Abbasids (having ruled from
661€“750 CE), and they moved their capital to the city of Damascus. They borrowed heavily from
the Byzantines in creating their governing and administrative structures. Even so, the Umayyads
remained an Arab-dominated culture. They continued the Islamic expansions further west across
North Africa and into Europe, as well as east into India. They were overthrown in 750 CE, when
the Abbasids began to come into power.
The Abbasids moved their capital
further east towards the city of Baghdad (in modern day Iraq). Their civilization would be
shaped out of the fusion between Arabian and Persian influences. However, while the Abbasids
enjoyed a greater degree of social and political stability than the Umayyads did (as well as
experiencing the famous Golden Age of Islam), the Abbasids also marked the beginning of
the...
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