The first
chapter of The bypresents symbolically what the narrator learns throughout
the novel: The black man has been exploited and continues to be "invisible" as a
human being who has rights and an entitlement to freedom. In the ring, the young men are put
amidst a naked woman who has a tattoo of the American flag on her body. She represents the
ultimate goal of the black animal, a forbidden temptation. The men must fight one another
senselessly for the amusement of the cigar-smoking white men who watch with sadistic lust in
their hearts.
After the fight, the young men are made to reach for coins that
have been placed on a carpet that has an electrical current running through it. When the young
men reach for them they are violently shocked. These unattainable coins symbolize the
unreachablewealth and positions for the black men in American society. With a further parodic
example of how the black man has been deluded into thinking he is part of the American Dream,
Ellison's narrator delivers a speech before the older white men about his goals, and no one
heeds a word of his empty expectations.
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