How did Judaism survive the diaspora?

Jewish
people have been known for centuries as a stateless people. While the state of Israel may be
known to some as a Jewish state, many Jewish people do not claim this state as their own as Jews
around the world recognize that the Israeli state is enacting a genocide against Palestinians
through their creation of a settler state. Many Jews still consider themselves to be a stateless
people, and this has attributed to the survival of Judaism throughout the diaspora. Rather than
associating their religion with a theocratic state or place, Judaism has been able to survive
through centuries of persecution by placing the core tenants of their religion in the Torah,
their holy book, and through traditions that can be replicated wherever Jews find themselves.
Without a centralized holy leader or place that defines Judaism, Jews can pass down the tenants
of Judaism as long as there are people who wish to learn and preserve the Jewish culture(s) and
religion.