The Capitoline Wolf is a bronze sculpture in
the Musei Capitolini in Rome, though there are many copies, in bronze, stone, and other
materials, in cities throughout the world (see attached list). The statue is dark brown in color
and is mounted on a stone plinth. It shows the wolf turning her head to the left and baring her
teeth. Sheltering beneath her body and straining their mouths toward her teats with upturned
faces are two male children, Romulus and Remus. Like the wolf, they are facing to the left. The
wolf has unnaturally full udders but is otherwise rather emaciated in appearance, as the bones
of her ribcage can clearly be seen through her hide.
This may be a symbol of
self-sacrifice for the children and, by extension, for the future of Rome. The wolf's posture is
taught and tense, her ears pricked-up. The somewhat stylized pattern of the fur around her neck
and immediately behind her forelegs contrasts sharply with the smooth patina of the rest of the
bronze. It was this pattern in the wolf's fur that caused Winkelmann to attribute it to an
ancient Etruscan sculptor.
The two children underneath the wolf, who are
depicted in a slightly more naturalistic style, were added in the fifteenth century and may be
the work of Antonio de Pollaiuolo. The wolf was long thought to be an ancient sculpture, perhaps
from the fifth century BCE. Cicero describes such a sculpture as being among the sacred objects
kept on the Capitoline Hill. However, the age of the sculpture is now a matter of dispute and
many scholars believe it to be from the Carolingian period.
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