How do I cite George Orwell's 1984?

First, you
need to know which style system your paper requires. If you are writing for an English class or
any class in the Liberal Arts or Humanities departments, chances are good that you will be
expected to cite your sources according to MLA (Modern Language Association) style. MLA has a
new style edition as of April 2016, so make sure you are using the current citation methods
(eighth edition). MLA style consists of two basic types of citations: in-text citations and a
Works Cited entry at the end of your paper. 

For an overview of MLA style,
you may go to the MLA Style Center (link below) or to Purdue OWL (link below). Here are some
examples of how to cite a direct quotation or paraphrase from . 

For , gin "was his life, his death, and his resurrection"
( 366-367). 

Orwell describes how Winston is now dependent on gin to get
through each day (367). 

At the end of the novel, Winston is dependent on
alcohol (Orwell 367).

In the first example, since
Orwell's name is not given in the sentence, it must be given in the parenthetical citation. Note
that the period of the sentence comes after the parentheses. In the second example, since the
author's name is in the sentence, only the page number is needed in the parenthetical citation;
note that you do not use "p." for page. In the third example, a paraphrase, the
author's name must go in the parentheses because it is not given in the sentence.

Now, let's look at the Works Cited entry. Here is an example:

Orwell, George. 1984. Houghton Mifflin
Harcourt, 2003, p. 367. 

Note that, for a print book, the
format is:

Last Name, First Name.
Title. Publisher, date, page.

Put
the name of the book in italics. The city of publication used to be included; the eighth edition
of MLA excludes cities for books written after 1900. Give a page range unless your paper makes
use of the entire book. Use "p." before the page number for a single page or
"pp." before the page number for a range of pages. Use commas and periods as shown in
the example. Remember that Works Cited entries must be alphabetized and use a hanging indent
style (first line of each entry flush left; subsequent lines indented one tab). 

Adapt these examples according to the book you are using. Look on the copyright page to
find the publisher and date. 

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