How did the Reconstruction period affect the lives of southern African Americans, the newly freed?

Reconstruction
had mixed effects on southern African Americans. Initially, Reconstruction gave African
Americans the right to vote. However, the right to vote was later curtailed through the Black
Codes, poll taxes, grandfather clauses, and literacy tests. 

African
Americans were granted the right to an education. Landowners apportioned some land to African
Americans to provide them with an opportunity to generate food and incomes. However, the
arrangement ensured that African Americans remained in perpetual poverty. Between paying the
landowners and their creditors, African Americans were left with meager incomes. The situation
forced some of them to move to cities seeking employment. However, the Black Codes prevented
African Americans from holding certain jobs. 

African Americans were not
allowed to mix with whites due to segregation laws and all services and amenities extended to
them were below par.

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