what were the social consequences of the industrial revolution

The
Industrial Revolution represented a profound social transformation, as European economies
transitioned from agrarian societies (based in agriculture), towards more heavily urbanized
societies with economies based around manufacturing.

When speaking about
pre-industrial economies, one thing you should keep in mind is just how parochial life tended to
be. The vast majority of people lived in rural communities, and would have rarely traveled any
further than the next town or so over. The world was small. With industrialization, however,
technology improved, and this included improvements in internal communications. For example,
railroads tied industrialized nations together in ways that were not available in the
pre-industrial world, allowing for easier movement across long distances. Industrialization, you
might say, resulted in a compression of space.

Additionally,
industrialization resulted in the emergence of the modern class structure as we know it today.
Just consider, for example, the Estates System of Pre-Revolutionary France, divided as it was
between the clergy, nobility, and the rest of the population. Technically, while this was a
system of social stratification, it was not one founded strictly upon income or occupation.
Among the clergy were numbered both bishops and parish priests; among the nobility one might
find magistrates, aristocrats and the officer corps of the army. This was a very different
vision than the class structure as we understand it today. The modern class structure, divided
into upper, middle, and lower (or working) class, ultimately emerged out of the economic
transformations of industrial society.

Industrialization had other far
reaching effects as well. It impacted our modern sense of time (especially the idea of
standardized time). By its very nature, industrialization is regimented. People worked in
shifts, and this required a coordination of labor. In agrarian societies, work was dictated
primarily be seasonal patterns, and their understanding of time was a largely informal one. The
Industrial Revolution introduced a radically different relationship between human beings and
time, one which continues into the present day.

Finally, you can talk about
the rise of industrial cities and the living conditions (and working conditions) of the working
class. Exploitation was built into industrialization, with workers facing long hours in poor
working conditions for poor wages. Living conditions were bleak as well.

To
conclude, there's actually a lot of ground you can cover with this kind of question. The
Industrial Revolution represented a watershed in human history, with repercussions that continue
even into the present day.