Ancient Greek and Persian civilization were both long lived. The history of ancient
Greece can be divided into fairly distinct periods ranging over several thousands of years, and
the history of ancient Persia spanned nearly a millennium. Both civilizations were also diverse.
Minoans and Mycenaeans of the Bronze Age and Athenians and Spartans of the Classical Age all
belong to ancient Greece. An empire is, by its essence, multiethnic and multilingual, and such
was the Persian Empire. The Persian army at the time of Xerxes's invasion of Greece in 480 B.C.
included Persians, Medes, Phoenicians, Egyptians, Ethiopians, and dozens of other ethnic groups,
including Greeks. For these reasons, generalizations are problematic.
That
being said, certain comparisons can be made. For example, around the time of the Persian Wars,
there were many different political entities in Greece, ranging from democracy to oligarchy to
monarchy, but they had all developed a sense of the rule of law. By contrast,...
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