This phrase
comes at the end of a very long sentence that reads as follows:
The thought came gently and stealthily, and it seemed long before it attained full
appreciation; but just as my spirit came at length properly to feel and entertain it, the
figures of the judges vanished, as if magically, from before me; the tall candles sank into
nothingness; their flames went out utterly; the blackness of darkness supervened;
all...
Any substance
dissolved in another substance is considered a solution. The solvent (the stuff that does the
dissolving) in most household substances is water. So, anything dissolved in water would make a
solution. The dissolved substance is called the solute. You can dilute a
solution by adding more solvent or by taking away solutes. You can
concentrate it by adding more solutes or taking away solvent.
Some juice cartons will say "juice from concentrate" in the ingredients list.
The juice was first concentrated by evaporating the water (removing the solvent) and then
diluted by adding water.
Examples of household solutions would include the
following:
Ancient Nubia was
located in southern Egypt and northern Sudan and was divided into two parts--Upper Nubia, or
Kush, which was the southern portion, and Lower Nubia, the northern portion. The people of
ancient Nubia depended on the flooding of the Nile to grow and irrigate their crops. While
people in the desert areas of Nubia remainednomads, Lower Nubia developed one of the first
states in the world, which was settled by the so-called A-Group culture (which developed from
about 3800 BCE-3100 BCE; they were given this name because their ancient name is not known).
Their remains show that they had similar symbols to those of Egyptian kings, and their
civilization was strengthened through trading such items as ebony, ivory, gold, and carnelian
with Egypt until their civilization was taken over by the Egyptians during the First
Dynasty.
Later, around 2000 BCE, the C-Group culture also developed along the
Nile, as did the Kerma or Kush culture around 1500 BCE. As the Kush culture grew in power, they
extended northward towards Egypt, and the Egyptians built fortifications in response. During the
New Kingdom (1550€“1069 BCE), Egypt conquered Nubia, which they referred to as Kush. All of the
powerful ancient Nubian states developed along the Nile, which provided them with the surplus
crops and trade routes to develop governments. Before the Egyptians conquered the Nubians, the
Nubian religion was independent of the Egyptians, though little is known about it. After being
conquered by the Egyptians, the Nubians developed a religion that borrowed from that of the
Egyptians. In addition, some Nubian deities such as Sekhmet may have been introduced from Nubia
to the Egyptian religion.
Ancient Libya's borders are not known exactly, but
they lie west of the Nile. The land was a desert. Ancient Libya was mainly inhabited by pastoral
nomads, the most populous of whom were the Libu. They lived by eating goats and sheep and using
the animals' hides for shelter and clothing. They followed a traditional Berber religion before
the introduction of Islam, and this ancient religion was notable for its cult of the dead. They
also had their own system of deities. Their pastoral nomadic way of life did not result in the
growth of a strong government. Instead, their civilization was a collection of tribes led by
different kings rather than a unified kingdom.
The Nazis
most definitely treated the Jewish people as less than human. The Nazis doctors experimented on
the Jewish people in an attempt to create a "perfect" superior race of man. The Nazis
also crammed the Jewish people in to cattle cars to transport...
The age of
Chaucer, which encompassed the second half of the fourteenth century, was a time of major change
in Chaucer's England and in Europe as a whole. Chaucer's famous workis evidence of one of these
changes, namely writing in the vernacular, which is often associated with modern
literature.
But larger forces were changing as well, many of which may be
characterized as essentially modern. European kingdoms, notably England and France, began to
consolidate into what might be called nation-states, with strong bureaucracies and the ability
to collect taxes and marshal large military forces. The period also saw the decline of serfdom,
especially in England, where severe losses to the workforce due to the Black Death enable
agricultural laborers to negotiate wages.
Finally, the period saw increased
criticism of the Catholic Church, due to corruption and especially the absurdity of the
Babylonian Captivity and the Western Schism. One tangible critique of the Church emerged in
Chaucer's England itself, where John Wyclif translated the Bible into English, a heresy to the
medieval Church. A less tangible manifestation was the emergence of a secular spirit, one form
of which was humanism.
In summation, while Chaucer's age was still decidedly
medieval, it also saw many of the changes that historians associate with early modern
Europe.
New
Historicism refers to a form of literary criticism that emerged during the 1980s and made
popular in the 1990s by authors such as Stephen Greenblatt. Whereas older forms of literary
criticism focused its attention on how a literary work reflected the time in which it was
produced, New Historicism also considers the perspective of the work's author. It assumes the
author's social, political, and economic background all contribute to his/her perspective.
In...
The
Urim and Thummim appear quite early in the
book. They are a pair of stones that are given to
Santiago by the king
Melchizedek. The stones themselves are not large, and Santiago often takes
them in and out of a pouch or a pocket. One stone is white, and the other stone is
black. The
colors represent "yes" and "no." Before giving Santiago the
stones, the king
tells Santiago that in order to find the treasure, Santiago
must follow the omens.
"In order to
find the treasure, you will have to follow the
omens. God has prepared a path
for everyone to follow. You just have to read the omens that he
left for
you."
Santiago remembers something
about
omens that his grandfather told him, and the king practically reads
Santiago's thoughts. The
king realizes that Santiago might need some help
interpreting the omens in order to know where
to go or when to go.
Melchizedek then gives Santiago the Urim and Thummim stones and tells
Santiago that they will help with the omens. The king then specifies that Santiago is to
ask the
stones objective questions and to try to use his own decisions
whenever possible.
"They are called
Urim and Thummim. The black signifies 'yes,'
and the white 'no.' When you are
unable to read the omens, they will help you to do so. Always
ask an
objective question."
The cast of characters
in is on the large side, however the list of central characters consists
of just four characters. These are the characters that drive the action of the novel.
Miss Skeeter Phelan is the character narrating a majority of the story. She is college
educated, Caucasian, and an aspiring journalist. Though she begins the story as an insider and
friend to Hilly Holbrook, Skeeter becomes an outcast because of her social views and her
unwillingness to go along with Hilly on her separate restroom initiative.
Aibileen is a maid and a writer who agrees to help Skeeter write a book of stories of
colored maids and their experiences working for white families. Aibileen narrates sections
of The Help and functions as a mediator between Miss Skeeter and the other
maids who agree to participate in the book project. Aibileen is a considerate caretaker of
children, though her own son has died.
Minny is another maid. She speaks her
mind more freely than any other character, with the possible exception of Miss Hilly. Minny
experiences a great deal of hardship over the course of the novel, while the other major
characters relate important events that take place outside the time context of the novel. This
makes Minny the most dynamic character in the book, in a position not only to change herself but
to change others.
Hilly Holbrook is theof The Help.
Once the best friend to Miss Skeeter, Hilly runs rampant over her former friend and any one else
who would dare to get in her way. She is a bigoted and brattish woman. Though she truly loves
her children, she cannot see her way to a compassion that extends beyond her own narrow
interests.
Big Brother does
not truly exist. The average citizen of Oceania does not know this, but we do because of the
scene wherequestionsabout Big Brother, and O'Brien dodges the questions.
The
dual purposes of Big Brother are to inspire both fear and love. Big Brother becomes a family
member in a world where families are torn apart and considered less important then the state. He
also inspires fear as he is supposed to be all-seeing, all-knowing, and ruthless when dealing
with dissent.
The latest
battle was named the "Battle of the Windmill". Although it was heralded as a victory,
it came at a great price to the animals on the farm. The windmill, which the animals toiled in
the hopes of a better life, was blown to bits. This seems to be symbolic of the animal's dreams
of a better life when they rebelled against the humans.
The animals also must
fight to ward off the attack, and manyof the animals are injured. Even 's tail is hurt in the
battle. But the pigs need to spin the disaster into a tale of victory to try to keep the animals
in check. The shambles that is left from the windmill's destruction is symbolic of the shambles
of the dreams the animals had for a better life with no humans.
To offer one concrete
example, Virginia Woolf wrote often of suicide and this was how she ended her life. Hemingway
also wrote about suicide and died that way, as did Sylvia Plath.
Princefirst seesin act one, scene four just after midnight on the outer walls of Castle
Elsinore. As the scene opens,mentions that the air is cold and askswhat time it is. Marcellus
responds by saying that the clock has already struck midnight, and the Ghost...
Edwards laid
the foundation for his sermon by establishing the background circumstances, the historic
sinfulness of the ancient Israelites and the "punishment and destruction" that they
brought down upon themselves. He went on to vividly and graphically describe the wrath of God
and the complete justification that God had for bringing down that wrath upon
humanity.
In the "Application" section of...
The body
of s work is replete with instances of the authors use of ,and other literary devices the
application of which represented his only means of expressing his alienation from his father,
from his mundane existence as an employee of an insurance company, and from the expectations
placed upon him to structure his life in accordance with a certain ideal with which he was
fundamentally in disagreement. Kafkas was a life lived torn between the expectations of a
demanding father and that of an aspiring writer struggling for the freedoms associated with the
creative mind. Many of his protagonists reflect the emotional and intellectual struggles that
characterized Kafkas own short life, and none more so than Gregor Samsa, the tortured soul at
the center of . Gregor, of course, is a traveling salesman €“ the
quintessential monotonous and wearying profession €“ and Kafka makes quite explicit Gregors
sense of alienation from...
The first
thing that you need to do is to plan. Find out exactly what your teacher wants--this could be a
biography, a retelling of events, or an analysis of a movement. Also, make sure you are clear
on how many sources to use and the length of the assignment. Also, know the citation method
(MLA, APA, Chicago) style the teacher wants. Get started early with your research and
writing--do not procrastinate. Pick a topic that interests you, and find as many sources as
possible. Use primary sources--material...
I think
that one of the strongest themes to emerge in Bhatt's poem is the struggle to understand one's
identity in a Postcolonial setting. Bhatt writes a two- stanza-ed poem that clearly articulates
the condition between what life was like without Colonial rule and how life is altered with it.
The notion of the "Gods roam freely" is a symbolic representation of how indigenous
identity exists outside of the construction of Colonial rule. The second stanza speaks to this
idea that the "oppressor's tongue" dominates all verbal patterns of precognition.
This theme of Postcolonial identity is evident in the idea that the "unborn
grandchildren" have appropriated "that strange language." There is a sense of
questioning as to what constitutes identity in the poem and this becomes an essential theme out
of it. At the same time, I think that one of the other themes is a quest to understand how
language constructions can remain "new." This epistemological theme comes out of how
the two stanzas connect to one another. I don't think that Bhatt is rejecting the modern
condition, but rather is asking how one can reconcile past forms of communication and lexical
clarity with the modern vision that is so fundamentally different from that which is past. This
becomes a questioning of how human beings construct what is and what can be from what was. This
theme becomes central to the poem's understanding.
The
Igbo village that Achebe portrays is a patriarchal society, where men occupy positions of
authority while women are viewed as weak and inferior. In the Igbo society, women are
objectified, treated as property, and do not have a voice. They are not included in the war
council, cannot sit with the men to discuss policy issues, and remain on the fringes like
outsiders during community ceremonies.
Polygamy is normal throughout Igbo
society, and men are admired for the more wives they attain. Women in Igbo society are also
expected to be obedient, docile, and submissive, while men likeruthlessly wield their
authority.
Okonkwo is notorious for physically abusing his wives, and there
are no substantial ramifications for his violent actions towards them. He mercilessly beats his
wife Oijugo during the Week of Peace for neglecting to cook dinner and is simply forced to pay a
fine for interrupting the sacred week. Okonkwo also beats his second wife,, and fires his gun in
her...
A product
mix can help a company to access different customer bases by offering a wide range of styles,
sizes and price ranges. For instance, very often a company, like a car company makes a line of
vehicles ranging from high-end, like Lexus, to satisfy customers who are high income earners and
want to...
premiered in 1913, a
period during which gender and class roles in British society were changing rapidly. Shaw
himself was aware of these changes and generally favored them, regarding both the older, more
rigid class system and the patriarchal oppression of women as both morally wrong and
irrational.
Conventions concerning social and sexual relationships varied
with class, with the middle classes opposing sexual activity outside of marriage but the lower
classes tending to have a more open attitude towards such relationships. In general, there was a
double standard in which having sexual relationships outside marriage proved a man's virility
but was considered improper for women. When Eliza states "And I'm a good girl, I am,"
she is referring to a large degree to her only selling flowers, not her body, a theme that
recurs towards the end of the play in her notions about marriage.
The
rapidly changing role of women is reflected by Mrs. Pearce's concern about Eliza's role in the
household. For a single woman to live in the house of an unwed man would be improper unless she
fit into an established role such as that of a servant or relative.
Although
the play is, to a great degree, about social mobility, it also portrays a rigid class system, in
which socioeconomic status is reflected in speech and manners as much as money. A central issue
in the plot is what happens when people's self-perception, education, and behavior would place
them in one class but their income is that of a different class. Mr. Doolittle and Eliza are
both suddenly raised in class, but the Hill family portrays people of an aristocratic background
who are descending in class due to a lack of money. In all cases, this class dislocation is
portrayed as emotionally traumatic.
There
is certainly a wider conflict going on in the background of this story, and that conflict deals
with the Korean war and how villages along the 38th parallel were affected. That is one
conflict; however, I would not call it the main conflict.
There is also man
vs. man conflict between Songsam and Tokchae. Songsam fights for one side, and Tokchae fights
for the other. This makes the two characters enemy combatants, and the story is about Songsam
escorting Tokchae, who is now a prisoner. The two characters were former childhood friends, and
there is definitely tension between the two...
The
novel is set in the theocratic and patriarchal Puritan society of the
Massachusetts Bay Colony. The year is 1642, which means that this particular group of colonists
settled in the area of Boston, and were part of a second wave of settlers that came from England
in 1630 with the purpose of purifying the Church of England.
The specific
society to which Hester and Roger Prynne had planned to go and be a part of, offered many
opportunities for settlers to start new lives. However, the Puritan rule was in place. This
means that, upon arriving to Massachusetts Bay, the colonists had to abide by the rules set by
the magistrates. They would also have to be assigned to a spiritual leader, which was
essentially a pastor that would watch over their spiritual health. 's assigned spiritual leader,
upon her arrival, was Reverend .
Hester came into the colony alone.
Moreover, shortly after her arrival it was thought that her husband, Roger, had been lost at sea
and was presumed dead. Also shortly after her arrival, Hester and her pastor begin an affair. It
is presumably close enough to her arrival date, since, little thereafter, she becomes
pregnant.
When she can no longer hide the pregnancy, she is forced to reveal
the name of the father of the child. As she refuses to do so, she is not only punished with the
scaffold and prison, but is also mandated to wear the letter "A", for adulterer, on
her bosom for the rest of her natural life.
This series of events reveal the
conflict of man (or woman) versus society. Hester Prynne arrived in the colony already a
loveless wife. When her husband is presumed dead, she engages in a relationship with someone
whom she actually loves. To the modern reader, Hester's actions may seem too quick but,
considering her situation as someone forced to marry at a young age, they are still
understandable.
However, the society of the 17th century is entirely
theocratic and bound by the mandates of the Bible. This means that all commandments must be
obeyed, or else punishment will ensue. Hester committed impure acts, according to the sixth
commandment. She also must have involved a husband from the village (or so they thought) to
commit those acts. The results were that Hester had to endure the public humiliation that was
typical of her society. Standing at the scaffold meant having to tolerate the jeers of the
people and being questioned publicly as to who is the father of her child. The use of the
scarlet letter meant having to expose her "crime" to everyone, and expect the
criticism and rejection of the general public. Imprisonment meant depriving Hester of her
freedom, and further humiliating her.
Moreover, Hester was treated as a
pariah: She was the topic of church sermons, of the scorn of the citizens, and of the jokes of
children. She suffered entirely too much considering the actual magnitude of her crime. For
these reasons, Hester could be easily considered a progressive woman for her time; one who cared
less about imposed regulations, and more about her own freedom and well-being. Unfortunately,
such freedom and well-being came with a price that she paid for, unfortunately, on her
own.
Perhaps
another take on this would be to bring out the notion of human fallibility. One of the
challenges of Edwards' sermon is not whether he is right or wrong, or whether his tone is scary
of inviting, but rather how any individual can claim with such authenticity to speak in absolute
terms. I am not advocating relativism or anything like that, but part of the reason why some
might turn away from such a message is that they have been betrayed by former people who claimed
to have such a strong and absolute level of "authority." Edwards holds little in way
of ambiguity, and when addressing issues such as faith, the feelings of divinity, and human role
in a cosmic design, there seems to be more areas of doubt, reflection, and ambiguity than there
are of totalizing notions of the good. This might be a reason why people might turn away from
Edwards' message, for individuals have seen the result of those who claim to have an answer, but
really do not. Salem during its Witch...
It is
difficult to know if Montresor's revenge was justified because the reader doesn't exactly know
what he's avenging. All we know, and this from a rather unreliable narrator, is that at some
point Fortunato insulted him. What repercussions that had on him, his career or his family we
don't know. For all we know the insult could have ruined his life. That would perhaps make the
revenge more justified than what it seems on the surface. It is strange that Fortunato seems to
have no knowledge of the disservice he has done his friend. When they first meet in the story
Montresor states that he gave "Fortunato no cause to doubt my goodwill."
From whichever way one looks at it, Montresor's revenge on someone who at one point he
calls a "friend" seems unjustified. The reader even has to question Monstresor's
sanity. If what Fortunato did was that bad, why doesn't he contact the police or take legal
action against him? The choice he makes seems very extreme.
Whether revenge
is justified is a sensitive subject. The Old Testament, for example, has
the famous line about an eye for an eye, meaning people should be avenged in a way that is
similar to their evil deed. However, on the Sermon on the Mount in the New
Testament, Jesus rejects that idea and tells his followers they should turn the other
cheek.
For many, it probably depends on the severity of the crime or deed.
Many countries, for example, including some states in America, have capital punishment for
murder.
The prophet
Ezekiel did not experience captivity in the sense that we often think of itthat is, being kept
in prisonbut was taken into exile when the Babylonians attacked and defeated Judah (the southern
kingdom) in 597 BCE. It was standard practice for the ancient Babylonians: after they had
conquered another nation, they gathered up the wealthy and influential citizens and brought them
back to Babylon to work. Since Ezekiel was part of a priestly family, he was...
The Two
Minutes Hate is a short propaganda program that is aired each day on the telescreen on 's floor
in the Ministry of Truth. It is almost certainly broadcast in all of the other ministries as
well. It usually consists of images of Emmanuel Goldstein, the man portrayed by the Party as an
archtraitor. As he delivers a speech, full of attacks on Big Brother, an image of Eurasian
troops marching behind him flashes on the screen. The effect of the images are to stir up an
almost hysterical frenzy among the observers. People throw things at the screen, and by the end
of the Hate, with Goldstein's voice giving way to that of a sheep, they are in tears, chanting
Big Brother's name. The Hate concludes with the Party slogan on the screen: "WAR IS PEACE;
FREEDOM IS SLAVERY; IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH." This daily ritual is designed, obviously, to
create unity in hatred, but for Winston, it has the opposite purpose. It is his reaction to the
Hate one day that makes him decide to keep a journal.
's seminal
work, clearly has parbolic character. With Hester's child, , one is
reminded of the New Testament's "pearl of great price" as Hester's shame and
punishment are brought on by the birth of her daughter. Thus Pearl becomes a symbol of the sin
of passion betweenand the Reverend . This "elf-child" who like a valuable pearl has a
beauty that shines with deep and vivid tints. Yet, she is referred to by the Puritans as a
"demon offspring," and perceived as the child of sin. In Chapter VIII, Hester pleas
with the governor to be allowed to keep her child. She protests,
"Pearl keeps me here in life! Pearl punishes me too! See ye not she
is the scarlet letter...."
Reverend
Dimmesdale supports Hester by saying,
"It was meant,
doubtless, as the mother herself hath told us, for a retribution too; a torture to be felt at
many an unthought-of-moment; a pang, a sting, an ever-recurring agony, in the midst of a trouble
joy!"
The man who devotes his life to avenging
himself upon the Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, the man who "violates the sanctity of the
human heart" in his efforts to destroy the man--"he will be mine!"--transforms
himself into what he himself says is "a fiend," and becomes aof evil. As he
insidiously destroys the inner workings of Dimmesdale's heart, Chillingworth becomes a dark and
craven figure. He sins against Nature in his violation of Dimmesdale's heart," and he sins
against Hester when he married his young, passionate wife as he could not be a husband to
her. He admits his sin in Chapter XV,
"Mine was the
first wrong, when I betrayed thy budding youth into a false and unnatural relation with my
decay."
His sin that he commits against Dimmesdale
is what Hawthorne calls the "unpardonable sin." This sin is the subordination of the
heart to the intellect, occurring as Chillingworth is willing to sacrifice his fellow man to
gratify his own selfish interest. These sins of Chillingworth are parabolic in nature, as well;
for, they illustrate two Biblical injunctions, "Judge not lest ye be judged" and
"Vengeance is mine, saith the Lord." Chillingworth tries to play God, but transforms
himself into a devil. By Chapter IX this transformation is evident (in Chapter XIV it is
complete):
A large number...affirmed that 's aspect had
undergone a remarkable change while he had dwelt in town, and expecially since his abode with
Mr. Dimmesdale. At first his expression had been calm, meditative, scholar-like. Now, there
was something ugly and evil in his face, which they had not previously noticed, and which grew
still the more obvious to sight the oftener they looked upon him.
Symbolic of the kind of passion which accompanies Hester's sin, Pearl is a constant
reminder to Hester of her sin. Roger Chillingworth transforms himself in his desire for
vengeance into an evil being whose sin is the blackest of all.
1. As a
state actor, the Catholic School is not allowed to perform unauthorized testing of any
sort.
2. It was not a requirement of the school's initial contract to pass
these drug tests in order to be enrolled in the school.
3. Nicotine is not
illegal for individuals the students' age to use, and so the school has no right to dictate the
students' use of it.
4. The students have not given permission or consent to
have testing done.
5. Since the students are all minors, they need parental
consent. As evidenced by the suit, the parents have not consented and are opposed to the
testing.
6. There is no evidence that drugs have been used on campus, which
is the only justification that could be made for the testing.
7. The school
is intending to test things that are not school property. The Fourth Amendment still prohibits
testing, but provisions could be made if school property is involved in the drug use.
8. Passing the drug testing is a new requirement for enrollment at the school;
therefore, students who have been pressured to use drugs could be expelled for something that
they didn't want to do in the first place.
9. The drug tests are random, and
as a result, there is no direct authorization.
10. There is no limit to the
number of tests performed, making it a gross invasion of privacy.
Since you
mention several themes, you might want to point out that some of them are interrelated and can
be discussed together. For example, the theme of social snobbery is tied in with the theme of
"appearance versus reality." Social snobbery usually refers to the way society looks
down on people due to the circumstances beyond their controlhow much money they have, their
looks, their background. In other words, social snobbery is all about appearance rather than
reality. There are many incidents in where people are judged solely upon
their appearance.
The theme of social transformation is likewise related to
the theme of education and the theme of creation. Higgins sets out originally to merely
"educate" Eliza. (He does have some social transformation in mind, but he thinks it
will be merely superfluous and temporary.) However, due to the process of education, Eliza
actually becomes someone elseshe is unable to go back to her old self and old lifeand Higgins,
in essence, has created a new person. It is important to mention here the transformation and
education of Higgins himself (has he learned from the experience?) along with the experience of
the other characters, namely, Alfred Doolittle, Eliza's father.
The
part of that I always find the most suspenseful is the part about the
pendulum. It starts with the narrator noticing that the painting of Time on the ceiling had a
pendulum instead of scythe, and then, although he is not sure, he thinks he sees the pendulum
moving. At that point, the pendulum is barely moving, which makes the narrator lose interest and
start to look around. Later, the narrator...
The thrush
bird that sings foreshadows the older prole woman continually singing the same song as she hangs
out laundry. They both have beautiful voices and represent the elemental beauty of nature. It is
significant thatandhear both of them in places of refuge, away (they believe) from the world of
the Party, where they too can behave as elemental creatures of nature. Quotes about the thrush
can be found at the end of part II, chapter two, and quotes about the old woman can be found
scattered throughout part IIfor example, in chapter four.
The picture is of
the church of St. Clements. As Mr. Charrington says,
It
was a church at one time, St Clement Danes, its name was.
Mr. Charrington goes on to recite...
The main
impact of globalization on wages in advanced economies will be to create a greater amount of
disparity in wages between those with higher and lower skill levels. Globalization will
increase the gap between "haves" and...
A fire and
brimstone preacher,embodies
the sanctimonious Puritan preacher who counts himself among the
"elect." In
his sermon, he essays to awaken and persuade those people in the
congregation
who have not been "born again"; that is, they have not accepted Jesus
Christ
as their savior. Influenced by the English philosopher John Locke, who held
that
everything that people know comes from experience with understanding and
feeling as two distinct
kinds of knowledge, Edwards's sermon incorporates
both elements into his sermon as he uses fear
as the motivator to bring his
congregation to understand the precariousness of their situation
by actually
feeling the horror of their sinful states.
As a Puritan,
Edwards
did not believe that good deeds were necessarily rewarded. Instead,
Puritans such as Edwards
believed that it was difficult to know if one were
among the elect or the damned, so it was
necessary to behave in as exemplary
a manner as possible. Edwards's sermon directs people to
behave for fear of
the fires of hell. It is only divine mercy that does not
release its hold; "it is only the power and mere pleasure of God that holds
you
up."
If God should withdraw His hold,
Edwards tells his
listeners, there would be nothing to keep a person from
falling into the fiery pit of hell.
People's
righteousness, would have no more influence to
uphold you and keep
you out of hell, than a sider's web would have to stop a fallen
rock...."
There is nothing to prevent
the
"floods of God's vengeance" against sinners but the "mere
pleasure
of God that holds the waters back" that would drown
sinners.
With other metaphors, such as "the bow of God's
wrath is bent," and the
sinners as spiders held over fire, Edwards further
contends that it is only the mercy of God
that prevents people's damnation to
the fires of hell. They "hang by a slender
thread," and they must live an
exemplary life so that they will not be condemned, but will
be spared by "the
mere pleasure" of God's divine mercy.
says, early on, that he
is "inclined to reserve all judgments" of other people. He claims that
"Reserving judgments is a matter of infinite hope." Perhaps if one can reserve
judgments, it shows that one always hopes to see the best in others. In other words, Nick seems
to be willing to wait and see when it comes to the otherin the story:"represented
everything for which [Nick had] an unaffected scorn," but by reserving judgment, he found
that Gatsby possessed "an extraordinary gift for hope." He tried to wait and see
aboutandtoo, despite Tom's overt racism and philandering and Daisy's snobbishness and
infidelity, and he eventually learned that they are "careless people [...] -- they smashed
up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money [...]." He tried to wait
and see withtoo, though he recognizes early on that she is "incurably dishonest."
Because Nick is willing to reserve judgments initially,...
The three most
important devices to use in any speech, according to Aristotle, are ethos, logos
and pathos. Ethos refers to right vs. wrong, but also expert credibility. Logos
deals with logic, or the facts of the debate or issue. Finally, pathos is passion, emotion, or
anything to do with the feelings linked to the human condition. In , the
pathos would include feelings that the animals have about their condition on the farm.
uses these devices as well as claims, persuasive speech, solutions, and a call to
action, and then unifies the animals by singing an anthem. In fact, he starts off
his speech using ethos by stating that he is an expert on life because "I understand the
nature of life on this earth as well as any animal now living" (5). He also says that since
he will die soon, he wants to pass on what he's
learned.
After establishing his own
credibility, old Major moves on to use logos, or the facts about life that he has experienced.
He doesn't focus on the positive facts of life, though, only the negative ones. For example, he
states that "our lives are miserable, laborious, and short," and they are forced to
work their whole lives to no end except to be "slaughtered with hideous cruelty" (5).
He ends by saying the truth of the matter is that all animals are slaves.
Old
Major argues next that England's soil is fertile, so why are we suffering so much? He uses logos
to say that the soil is good, but then he uses pathos to discuss their plight. Next comes the
argumentative claim that it is all the humans' fault that animals
suffer. His solution to the problem is "Remove Man from the
scene, and the root cause of hunger and overwork is abolished for ever" (5).
Next, old Major discusses the facts (logos) to support his claim and solution, First he
says that man can't give milk or lay eggs; he cannot plough the fields without animal help; and
man does not give the animals the food and respect that they deserve in return. Since the
animals do all of the work, shouldn't they be running things? He then says that most animals'
lives end with the knife rather than being lived out naturally.
Finally,
after listing logos and pathos together to show how horrible their lives are, he uses
a call to action, along with
propaganda-type words such
as evil, tyranny, and
rebellion, to incite them to riot against Farmer Jones. He concludes by
reminding them of his ethos, expertise and credibility, and not to live out their lives like he
didas a slave. He cleverly clarifies the difference between an enemy and a comrade by defining
an enemy as one who walks on two legs and anyone with wings or who walks on four legs as a
friend. Then he drives the point home and unifies the animals with
an anthem that his mother used to sing: Beasts of
England.
The Anabaptists
were a movement that arose probably around 1522 in Europe, primarly in Germany. There were also
Anabaptist communities the Netherlands, Switzerland and Austria. Anabaptists believed that
adults should accept Christ by being baptized, even if they had already been baptized
previously. The meaning of Anabaptist is "one who baptizes again." Calvinists would
use "Anabaptist" in a pejorative sense for any sect that did not...
A
monopoly firm is a price-maker simply because the absence of competition from other firms frees
the monopoly firm from having to adjust the prices it charges downward in response to the
competition. The whole point of a competitive marketplace is that consumers can choose among
multiple companies for the same or very similar goods or services. The freedom to choose among
competing firms means there is pressure on each firm to offer the best product or service at the
best price. Absent that competitive , a sole provider can set the price he or she
wants.
If demand for the product or service exists, and there is no pressure
from competing businesses, the monopoly firm can charge whatever price it desires. This does
not, however, mean that consumers will pay any price for the product in question. At some point,
a monopoly firm may set prices that consumers calculate exceed the value of the product. In the
case of what may be considered "essential" services, the monopoly firm need not worry
about exceeding a certain price. This was the case for many decades with the telephone industry.
Bell Telephone/AT&T enjoyed a monopoly in the telecommunications industry for much of the
twentieth century. There was simply no viable way of incorporating competition into that
industry until the advent of personal computers and, later, cellular phones. Once the
possibility of competition emerged, the Department of Justice was able to force AT&T to
divest itself of much of its empire and allow competition for telephone services.
A monopoly firm can set prices for its goods and/or services in the absence of
competition. That freedom to set prices, however, diminishes when the prices in question exceed
demand for those goods or services. Unless the product is essential, consumers will simply forgo
purchase of the product.
It means
he is defying fateor attempting to, at any rate, because unfortunately fate will ultimately
defeat both .
has just been wrongly informed of 's death. His immediate
reaction to this tragic situation, as well as intense sorrow, is one of angry defiance. Romeo
recognizes himself as the plaything of fortune and subject to the whims of fate. But he's not
going to take this lying down; he's determined to take his fate into his own hands by heading
back to Verona and killing himself in Juliet's tomb.
Thehere is that in his
attempts to defy fate, Romeo is actually making it happen. For when Juliet wakes from her
drug-induced slumbers and sees Romeo's dead body lying next to her, she stabs herself to death,
thus fulfilling the sad fate of the star-cross'd lovers.
Theof
"A Clean Well-Lighted Place" is as quiet and subtle as the story itself. Throughout
the story, the young waiter wants to close the cafe early, while the older waiter wants to
remain open, at least until their regular closing time. This is the only conflict inherent in
the story. The presence of the old man drinking alone on the patio serves to emphasize the young
waiter's impatience and lack of understanding in contrast to the older waiter's acquired wisdom
in regard to the human condition. This conflict between them is resolved when the younger man
finally closes the cafe, and we learn why the older waiter had protested:
I...
When the foreign
Jews, including Moishe the Beadle, were being deported, someone quipped that the situation was
necessitated by war. The statement is ironic because despite being aware that the Jews were
being targeted, those left in Sighet believed they were safe and took no measures to address the
situation.
Behind me, someone said, sighing, "What do
you expect? That's war"
Theis evident when Mrs.
Schachter keeps screaming that she sees a fire until she is brutally attacked by the other
passengers. One of the passengers reports the incident to a German soldier and insists that the
lady needs a hospital. The officer suggests that she will soon be taken there. The event is
ironic because the German officer does not intend to offer any medical assistance since he is
aware that death awaits most of the passengers.
"Patience," the German replied, "patience. She'll be taken there
soon."
Mr.
Utterson is concerned after reading Dr. Jekyll's will because his friend is leaving everything
to Mr. Hyde, a man Mr. Utterson has never heard of or met. This in itself is strange, because
Mr. Utterson and Dr. Jekyll go back a long way and come from the same set of friends. Utterson
also worries because the will stipulates that should Dr. Jekyll disappear for more than three
months, Mr. Hyde should:
. . . step into the...
A short
story does not necessarily have to have a message. As a work of art, a short story is intended
to produce "a single effect." That is part of Edgar Allan Poe's definition and is now
widely accepted. In order to analyze a short story it is a good idea to start with the single
effect it produces. Poe used the term "effect," but we might call it the
"feeling" or "emotional effect" produced by the story and left in the
reader's mind after it ends. In Shirley Jackson's famous story "The Lottery," for
example, we would probably all agree that the "effect" or feeling is one of horror and
disbelief as Tessie Hutchinson is encircled by her own relatives, friends, and neighbors, all of
whom are intent on stoning her to death. In " " the effect is one of pity and
compassion for the poor man who thought he...
's
tracing of "2+2=5" in the dust on the table is fraught with great significance. He'd
always insisted that, no matter how hard it tried, the Party would never penetrate the core of
his inner being. And yet it has. Thanks to the brutal physical and psychological torture he
endured at the Ministry of Love, he's internalized the Party edict that whatever it says is
true, no matter how blatantly contradictory or absurd.
As Winston traces this
impossible equation in the dust, he does so unthinkingly. And that was the whole point of the
Party's breaking him, physically and mentally. The Party doesn't want Winston to think; it
simply wants him to believe whatever it tells him to believe. And in order to achieve this
outcome, it has had to plumb the very depths of Winston's soul, something he was always so
certain could never happen.
To some
degree, all of these countries had the
same motivations for investing in expeditions that went
out to explore the
world. They might have had different mixes of motivations, but the general
set of motivations was the same. Historians tend to use the shorthand expression God,
gold,
and glory as a way of saying what those motivations were.
The God part of
this expression means that Europeans felt that they
needed to explore in order to spread
Christianity. In those days, Christians
tended to believe that anyone who was not Christian
would be condemned to
damnation in the afterlife. Therefore, they believed that God wanted them
to
bring the Gospel to people who had not heard it. The Portuguese and Spanish probably
felt
this motivation more strongly than the French and, particularly, the
English, but it was present
for all nations.
The gold part
of the expression refers to getting rich.
The Portuguese started exploring
Africa in hopes of gaining a sea route to the spice islands of
Asia. They
hoped to get wealthy in that way. After the Spanish discovered the Americas
and
the silver and gold mines there, they got a great deal of wealth. Other
countries wanted part
of that. They hoped to find new lands that had
resources too.
The glory
part of the expression can refer
either to personal glory or to the glory that came to countries
with large
empires. Europeans felt that having a large empire meant that their country
was
great. Therefore, they wanted to explore and find places that could
become part of their
empires. They did not want to lose out in this
competition, thus making themselves look weak
and unimportant.
As for what territories were claimed, this varied over
time. The
best thing to do is to look this up in your textbook to see what it says.
Otherwise,
you can Google each countrys empire. One problem with that is
that different countries claimed
different territories at different times.
Another problem is that the list for each country can
be very long. For
example, do you need to know that France claimed St. Pierre and Miquelon and
that England claimed the South Sandwich Islands? My guess is that your text has a list
of
important territories claimed at a given time. I would suggest that you
find that list and use
it.
