How does Orwell use rhetorical devices to make old Major's speech convincing?

The three most
important devices to use in any speech, according to Aristotle, are ethos, logos
and pathos. Ethos refers to right vs. wrong, but also expert credibility. Logos
deals with logic, or the facts of the debate or issue. Finally, pathos is passion, emotion, or
anything to do with the feelings linked to the human condition. In , the
pathos would include feelings that the animals have about their condition on the farm.
uses these devices as well as claims, persuasive speech, solutions, and a call to
action, and then unifies the animals by singing an anthem. In fact, he starts off
his speech using ethos by stating that he is an expert on life because "I understand the
nature of life on this earth as well as any animal now living" (5). He also says that since
he will die soon, he wants to pass on what he's
learned.

After establishing his own
credibility, old Major moves on to use logos, or the facts about life that he has experienced.
He doesn't focus on the positive facts of life, though, only the negative ones. For example, he
states that "our lives are miserable, laborious, and short," and they are forced to
work their whole lives to no end except to be "slaughtered with hideous cruelty" (5).
He ends by saying the truth of the matter is that all animals are slaves.

Old
Major argues next that England's soil is fertile, so why are we suffering so much? He uses logos
to say that the soil is good, but then he uses pathos to discuss their plight. Next comes the
argumentative claim that it is all the humans' fault that animals
suffer. His solution to the problem is "Remove Man from the
scene, and the root cause of hunger and overwork is abolished for ever" (5).

Next, old Major discusses the facts (logos) to support his claim and solution, First he
says that man can't give milk or lay eggs; he cannot plough the fields without animal help; and
man does not give the animals the food and respect that they deserve in return. Since the
animals do all of the work, shouldn't they be running things? He then says that most animals'
lives end with the knife rather than being lived out naturally.

Finally,
after listing logos and pathos together to show how horrible their lives are, he uses
a call to action, along with
propaganda-type words such
as evil, tyranny, and
rebellion, to incite them to riot against Farmer Jones. He concludes by
reminding them of his ethos, expertise and credibility, and not to live out their lives like he
didas a slave. He cleverly clarifies the difference between an enemy and a comrade by defining
an enemy as one who walks on two legs and anyone with wings or who walks on four legs as a
friend. Then he drives the point home and unifies the animals with
an anthem that his mother used to sing: Beasts of
England.