Write a summary of the controversy and ethical issues of current events within the last one to five years in bioethics.

Bioethics
is an area in which new technologies have led to many recent controversies. As changing medical
technologies allow people more choices and control over their lives, new ethical issues
arise.

One important area of controversy over the past five years has been
euthanasia and end-of-life care. Advances in medical technology make it increasingly possible to
prolong life in cases where that would have been impossible in the past. Many people, however,
argue that just because it is possible to prolong life does not necessarily mean that prolonging
life at all costs is the right choice. Many countries and regions either have or are discussing
right-to-die legislation and how various procedures, such as resuscitation, should be a subject
of discussion, rather than automatic.

Gene editing technologies such as
CRISPR and advances in cloning raise the possibility of "designer babies" or of
creating babies simply to serve as a source of transplant organs. These both have obvious
ethical implications. Early genetic testing of embryos raises the specter not just of
sex-selective abortions (already a problem in China, for instance) but of eugenics.

The increasing numbers of extremely expensive treatments also raises the ethical issue
of resource allocation. Whether insurance schemes (public or private) should pay for very
expensive treatments, especially those with modest success rates, is a major ethical
issue.

Another increasingly important ethical issue is organ donation. One
area of debate is whether one should be required to opt in or opt out of organ donation,
especially in light of a shortage of organs.

Finally, as the age of the
viability of fetuses continues to decrease, controversies continue to swirl around the issue of
abortion.